N.M. Zaid⁽¹⁾,   A. Al-shamere⁽¹⁾,  and  S. mourshed⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research $ Extension Authority, Northern Highlands Sana’a- Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Naji  Zaid,  email: n.zied2014@gmail.com,
Tel: +967-770541186).

Received:   23/4/2025         Accepted:  8/10/2025

Abstract

This research was conducted at the experimental farm of Northern Highlands Research Station El-Errh–Sana’a an area located about 15 km North of Sana’a during two years 2022 -2023.Seed of three pea genotypes which were entered into a diallel cross scheme during the winter season 2022and gave six 6 F¹ Hybrids, to induce variability preference favored for some agronomic traits and planted to obtain F¹ generation in 2022 summer season. Sixty-eight individual plants were selected from F² populations based on morvologecal plant type, The selected segregations were primary evaluated in three replications as F³ generation in 2023 winter season.  The results showed that using the genotype (Sa’id) as a mother and the genotype (Umran-1) as a father resulted in a significant number of pods in their reciprocal hybrids. The results also showed that the hybrids were characterize by high heterosis existing of genetic variation in the first segregating generation. The estimation of broad-sense heritability in the second and third segregating generations for the studied traits (days to 50% flowering, number of pods/plant, plant height, hundred seed weight and sees yield/plant) was high. This indicates that these traits are useful due to their high heritability, and therefore can be relied upon to follow the genetic segregations and study their genetic stability, which will inherit desirable traits and characteristics, such as resistance to lodging and high grain yield in pea crop.  

Key Words: Breeding, Heritability, Hybridization, pea.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Menos Asaad^(1)*, Malek Oumran⁽²⁾, Nouraldin daher hjaij⁽¹⁾, and  Khalil moukayees⁽²⁾

 (1). General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author Menos asaad . E-Mail: menos.asaad@hotmail.com).

Received:   12/4/2024         Accepted:  1/8/2024

Abstract

This study was carried out at both the apiary and laboratory of Lattakia Scientific Agricultural Research Center during April and May of the year 2022 on 12 bee colonies with strength of 8 honeycombs. It aims to evaluate the hygienic behavior of the hybrid honeybee colonies by using two assays (pin-killed brood and freeze-killed brood). The readings were taken after 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours. After 48 hours, the findings showed that 50% of bee colonies had achieved high hygienic behavior of more than 95% and average hygienic behavior ranging between 63.66 and 97.66% for the tested colonies. However, the average hygienic behavior of colonies in the freeze-killed brood assay ranged between 61.66 and 96.66%, and the average hygienic behavior exceeded 95% in 41.66% of tested colonies. The findings also showed that the colonies that did not show hygienic behavior in the pin-killed brood assay did so in the freeze-killed brood assay.

Keywords: Hygienic behavior, pin-killed brood, freeze-killed assay, Syria.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mosa Marhij *⁽¹⁾

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mosa Marhij. E-Mail: mosa.marhij@gmail.com)

Received: 2/4/2024                Accepted: 1/8/2024

Abstract

The research aimed to demonstrate the impact of some of the studied factors on farmers’ adoption of strawberry cultivation in greenhouses in Tartous Governorate, and their preference over other agricultural crops in the governorate, by relying on measures of central tendency such as averages, percentages, and estimating the Pearson correlation coefficient between production and each of the achievement variables. Education, age, type of tenure (ownership, rent), number of hired workers, selling price per kilogram, farmers’ opinion about the prices at which they sell, statement of opinion on the strawberry crop, and whether strawberries are a main or secondary crop through the use of the statistical analysis program (Spss, 27). The results of the research showed the significance of the variables studied, with the exception of the selling price per kilogram, and the educational attainment variable outperformed all other variables in the results of estimating frequencies and percentages. The most important production problems facing strawberry farmers were low prices, high production requirements, and high transportation costs. While the most important marketing problems facing strawberry growers are the high cost of marketing supplies, transportation fees, and workers, in addition to the short lifespan of the fruits, the control of prices by brokers and intermediaries, and the high risk of not being able to store, the research recommended working to solve the large gap in prices. In Which strawberry farmers in Tartous Governorate Sell, which no longer even cover production costs. and attention to social aspects such as education and training in strawberry cultivation in the studied area, because of its role in developing strawberry cultivation, and working to address the production problems facing strawberry farmers by providing Production requirements at the lowest prices, working to raise the price of the crop by opening the door to export, establishing cooperative societies concerned with perishable products, working to reduce production costs, working to address the marketing problems facing strawberry farmers by establishing special markets for perishable products, and Storage facilities accommodate Surplus production. The trend towards industrialization.

Keywords: strawberries, protected cultivation, Tartous Governorate, production, social factors, Pearson correlation coefficient.   

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohannad al-ebrahim Al-ghajar *(1)

(1). Dept. Of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL- Furat.

(*Corresponding author: Mohannad alebrahim alghajar. E-mail: mhndghjr06@ gmail.com)

Received:   19/3/2024         Accepted:  11/7/2024

Abstract

The research purposed to study effect weathering properties in each location on fertility characteristic, and study relation with Soil properties. Complex soil at depth (0-30) cm were taken from Eight different locations in rainfall stability areas in the north and north east of Syria. including (Jueik, Hemo) the first rainfall stabilization area, (AL- hasakeh and Ras AL ein) the second rainfall stabilization area,and (Al-zahabeia, Balat) the third rainfall stabilization area, And (Khanaser,Ariesh) the fourth rainfall stabilization area. The study showed that the studied soils were different properties in its fertility characteristic as rainfall stabilization areas. Where the percentage of the clay and organic matter decreases from the first to the fourth rainfall stabilization area, which explains the role of the stability area in the distribution of the clay part distributed in proportion to rainfall range. While The percentage of calcium carbonate, and lime Active increases from the first to the fourth stabilization area. Also The study concluded strong positive correlation between Clay percentage and each organic matter,available phosphours Reached to (r²=0.90, r² =0.93) respectively. While available phosphours related strong positive with organic matter (r²=0.97), strong negative by calcium carbonate (r²=0.96).

Keywords: rainfall stability, fertility, calcium carbonate, clay, available phosphours.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Nizam⁽¹⁾, Ziad Khouri⁽¹⁾, Fuad Wassof ⁽²⁾, and Ammar Abbas ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr: Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail:  mohammad.nizam.85115@gmail..com).

Received: 22/4/2024             Accepted: 29/7/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in in Kassab research station of scientific agricultural research center – Latakia during two years (2022-2023) on peach trees (Michelin cv.) governorate to study the impact of potassium silicate (3 and 5 g/l) and potassium humate (2 and 4 g/l) foliar application on some characteristics of fruit growth of the studied trees. The experiment showed that the foliar application with potassium humate (4 g/l) was significantly superior to other treatments in terms of fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids on peach fruit (134.12 g, 125 cm³, 10.63 %) respectively. Also, the foliar application with potassium humate (2 g/l) improved the percentage of anthocyanin pigment in fruits (23.53 mg/100g fresh weight) compared to control trees (17.81 mg/100g fresh weight).

Key words: Peach, Foliar application, Potassium silicate, Potassium humate.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Al-Shehabi^(1)*, Bassam Al-Oklah⁽²⁾, Hala Khaled⁽³⁾ and Nour Haj Masoud ⁽²⁾

(1). Food Technology Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Food and Industrial Technologies, General Authority for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Hama, Hama, Syria.

(*Correspondent: Muhammad Al-Shehabi, Email: mohamadalshehabi@yahoo.com)

Received:   4/8/2024                       Accepted:  23/4/2025

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of estimating the nutritional value of fish burgers prepared from five types of marine fish (small Bogue, large Bogue (Boops boops), small Mullet, large Mullet (liza aurata) and Balmida (Engraulis sp). chemical composition was determined for the five burger samples and it concluded : percentage of moisture, percentage of ash, percentage of protein, percentage of fat, percentage of carbohydrates, percentage of fiber , metal nutrients and calories. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the burger made from large Bogue fish had the lowest percentage of moisture, 42.65%, and the highest percentage of ash, carbohydrates, and fiber, 7.43, 12.52, and 1.2%, respectively, while the burger prepared from large mullet fish recorded the highest percentage of fat, 19.5%, and the lowest percentage of protein. 17.2%. The results also showed that a large mullet burger recorded the highest level of moisture, 49.51%, and the lowest level of ash, carbohydrates, and fiber, 3.73 and 7.75, 0.11% respectively. The Belmeda fish burger was also superior in its protein content, 22.2%, while it was the lowest in terms of fat content, 14.3%. In terms of calories, the burger made from small mullet fish was the highest, at 28.3 kcal/100g, while the balmada fish burger was the lowest, at 25.5 kcal/100g. The results of the study indicate that the large Bogue fish burger was distinguished in its content of sodium, calcium and phosphorus, in addition to the balmeda fish burger, which recorded the highest concentration of potassium and iron.

Keywords: Burger, Fish, Nutrition Value, Chemical Composition, Metal Nutrients. 
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Najwa Bassam Ahmed*⁽¹⁾, Nour Mohamed Rashad Alqabbani⁽¹⁾, Luna Mohsen Ahmad⁽²⁾, and Safaa Fahed Najla⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Correspondent: Dr. Najwa Ahmed najwa.ahmed@damascusuniversity.edu , phone: 0966695318)

Received: 12/6/2024          Accepted: 28/7/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Abi Jerash Farm – Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, during the 2023-2024 season, to study the effect of foliar spraying with wood vinegar (10 ml/l), seaweed (10 g/l), and gibberellin (50 mg/l) on the growth of faba bean, some components of productivity and seed content of proteins and NPK. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized blocks, with 3 replicates per treatment. The results showed that foliar spraying with wood vinegar, seaweed and gibberellin at the aforementioned concentrations led to a significant increase in the studied vegetative growth indicators, which was reflected positively on the productivity indicators. These treatments significantly exceeded the productivity index of green pods (317.51, 331.79, and 296.46 kg/1000m², respectively) compared with the control treatment (212.79 kg/1000m²). The efficiency of the fertilizer was 32.98, 35.87, and 28.22%, respectively. Foliar spray treatments with wood vinegar, seaweed and gibberellin also contributed to a significant increase in the protein content of bean seeds (24.24, 24.37, and 23.89%, respectively), nitrogen (23.08, 23.61 and 22.63%, respectively), and phosphorus (1.54, 1.53 and 1.67%, respectively) compared to the control (22.38, 21.03 and 1.17, respectively). In conclusion, the positive effect of foliar spraying with both wood vinegar and seaweed as natural materials is clear in improving the growth and productivity of faba beans compared to the gibberellin, with the aim of preserving the environment and humans.

Keywords: wood vinegar, seaweed, beans, productivity, proteins.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Qamar sufan^(1)* and Ahmed Soufi⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Qamar Sufan, email: 123qamar456@gmail.com, phone:00963994870211).

Received:   6/4/2024           Accepted:  29/7/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar spraying with salicylic acid on growth of flax plants under salt stress conditions in Burj Islam village, Latakia, Syria in 2023-2024. A factorial trial based on a randomized complete design (R.C.D.) with three replications was used.  The treatments consisted of three salinity levels (4, 6 and 8) ml/cm² and three salicylic acid concentrations (25, 50 and 75) mg/liter. Traits such as: morplological (plant height and number of branches), Biochemical (leaf content of chlorophyll, proline) and productivity (number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsules and weight of thousand seed) were measured. The results of the study showed that salinity levels and salicylate concentrations significantly affected (P<0.05) the studied indicators, and as salinity increased, the properties of all studied indicators decreased except for proline content which reached value (1.58) µM/g. Comparisons of averages indicated an improvement in the vegetative growth Characteristics (plant height 78 cm and number of branches 5.08 branch), biochemical indicators (leaf content of chlorophyll 225 µg/g), and studied plant productivity (number of capsules per plant 169 capsules, number of seeds per capsules 8 seeds and weight of thousand seed 5.96 seeds) when treated with salicylic acid, especially at a concentration of 25 mg/liter. The interaction between salinity and salicylic acid led to significant effects on the studied indicators. Low concentrations lead to a relative improvement in the studied morphological, biochemical and production characteristics, and the A₁S₁ treatment outperformed all treatments and the control.

Keywords: salicylic acid, salt stress, Flax, proline.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Feras AlKhzaim ⁽¹⁾, Aziza Ajouri⁽²⁾, and Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban^*(3)

⁽¹⁾ PhD Student, Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

 ⁽²⁾ Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

⁽³⁾ Department of Field Crop, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban. E-Mail: Shaabany57@gmail.com).

Received: 10/5/2024                       Accepted: 13/7/2024

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in the village of Al-Maflisa in the eastern countryside of Aleppo, by planting durum wheat variety Douma 1. During the season 2019/2020 & 2020/2021, with the aim of studying the effect of concentrations of nano-zinc fertilizer, such as adding soil and foliar spray, on the soil content as well as the grain and straw content of zinc, and its reflection on some of productive characteristics of wheat. The experiment designed using completely randomized block design RCBD with three replicates. The treatments were soil application by (100, 150, 200, 250 ppm) and foliar application (50, 100, 150, 200 ppm), and control (without fertilizer). The results showed that the addition of nano-zinc achieved a significant increase in the concentration of Zn in grain and straw and an increase in yield component such as the number of grain per spike, TKW, and grain yield of wheat plant compared to the control. The effect of the addition method on the studied traits also varied from one season to other. The foliar spraying at a concentration of 150 ppm was superior for most of the studied characteristics, the grain yield reached 5437 kg/ha, and the average length of spikes exceeded 15 cm. the highest soil zinc content was observed in the same treatment for both seasons, reaching (1.13 mg Zn / kg soil) in the first season and (1.14 mg Zn / kg soil) in the second season.

Keywords: Soil Application, Foliar application, Zn, Wheat.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Waddah Muhammad Hamed⁽¹⁾, Nidal Soufan⁽²⁾ and Gheith Muhammad Nassour*⁽³⁾

(1). Ph.D. Student – Department of Orchards – Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – Homs University.

(2). Assistant Professor – Department of Orchards – Faculty of Agricultural Engineering –Homs University.

(3). Researcher – Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Latakia.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Gheith Muhammad Nassour, E-Mail: gheith.nassour@gmail.com mob.: 0932862661)

Received:   26/9/2024                     Accepted:  23/4/2025

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Homs University and in Yahmour, Tartous Governorate during the (2023-2024) season. The study aimed to study the effect of foliar spraying of strawberry mother plants (festival variety) with different concentrations of Cycocel (0, 250, 500, 750 mg/L) and the effect of bud order on the runners to produce high-quality strawberry seedlings. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized block design in a factorial experiment that included two factors: Cycocel concentration and bud order. Each treatment had three replicates with 40 plants per replicate. Cycocel was sprayed three times starting from the second week of June, with a 15-day interval between each spray. Buds of the first and second nodes on the runners were selected at the beginning of July, and the seedlings were collected in mid-September. The results showed that the treating the mother plants with Cycocel improved the studied roots indicators of the resulted seedlings. The concentration of 500 mg/L resulted better root length (1.833 cm), wet weight (1.16 g), and dry weight (0.844 g). The seedlings resulted from the first node showed clear superiority in the number of roots (12.17 roots), root length (1.483 cm), and dry weight (0.623 g) compared to those resulted from the second node. Additionally, the results showed a decrease in the length of the seedling leaves (1.183, 1.000 cm), wet weight (0.411, 0.557 g), and dry weight (0.273, 0.270 g) with the increase of Cycocel concentration to 500 and 750 mg/L, respectively. Regarding the interaction effect, it was found that the seedlings resulted from the first node buds which their mothers sprayed with a concentration of 500 mg/L of Cycocel (treatment C2 N1) gave the best roots number (19.33 roots), roots length (1.967 cm), roots thickness (0.233 cm), and roots dry weight (0.890 g).

Keywords: strawberry, chlormequat chloride, cycocel, buds, strawberry seedlings, festival.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF