Melad Anwar Khalil ^(1)*, Hasan Tarsha⁽¹⁾ and Ryad Kussaibati ⁽¹⁾

(1). Hama university, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Melad Anwar Khlel  . E-Mail: meladkhlel@hotmail.com).

Received:15/10/2021          Accepted: 21/11/2021

Abstract: 

An experiment was carried out to study the impact of using millet of Proso variety, produced in Syria in the diet on performance parameters of broilers, issued from broiler breeders fed on a diet in which the main energy source was also millet. The chicks were randomly distributed into 2 groups of 125 chicks each. Chicks of each group were randomly assigned to 5 replicates of 25 chicks each. Chicks of the first group were fed a control diet in which maize was the main source of energy (control), and chicks of the second one were fed a diet containing millet instead of maize. Results showed significant improvement (P<0.05) of the live body weight at 42 days of the birds fed on the millet diet, compared to control birds which fed on maize diet (2283.23, 2093.44g respectively). The feed conversion ratio was also improved (1.66, 1.75 respectively). No differences in the quantity of feed consumed, carcass yield, and relative weight of breast, thigh, and liver were found between the birds of the 2 groups. These results confirm that maize could be replaced by Proso millet in broiler, issued from broiler breeders also fed on Proso millet with improved performances.

Keywords: performance, Broiler, broiler breeders, Maize, Proso millet. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

kareem Zaayr Negaud^(1)*

 (1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Muthanna  University, Iraq

(*Corresponding author: kareem Zaayr Email: karem.zaer@mu.edu.iq)

Received: 21/08/2023                 Accepted: 17/10/2023

Abstract: 

The present study examined 19 morphological and 10 numerical traits of Tilapia fish that are recorded in Al-Muthanna Governorate, included three species: Coptodon Zilli, Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromis niloticus. The study included demonstrating the differences in the morphological and numerical characteristics of the three species, the correlation coefficient between total length and these characteristics, and length-weight relationship for the three types. The Fish samples included (60) samples, 20 for each type, which were collected from local fishermen in the three districts of Al-Muthanna Governorate, which are Al-Samawah, Al-Khader, and Al-Rumaitha. The total lengths of the samples for the three types, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus, and Coptodon Zilli ranged from (16.5-24), (16.8-23), and (17-21) cm, respectively.and their weights ranged from (100-300.6), (98-222.3), (68.7-174.7) g respectively. the value of (b) for length-weight relationship was (3.14, 2.55, and 2.34) for O. niloticus, O. aureus, and Coptodon Zilli, respectively, the number of rays in the dorsal fin of Coptodon Zilli and Oreochromis aureus ranges between (12-13) spines and for Oreochromis niloticus was (11-13). On the other hand, the number of spines ranges between (14-16) for Coptodon Zilli, (15-16) for Oreochromis aureus, and (16-18) for Oreochromis niloticus. The number of rays in the anal fin of the Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromis niloticus ranges from (9-10) rays, and (8-10) rays for Coptodon Zilli. The number of spines in the anal fin of the three species was 3, while the number of rays and spines in the pectoral fin was 5 rays and one spine. The number of scales on the lateral line of the three species, O. niloticus, O. aureus, and Coptodon Zilli, ranged (31-40), (27-34), and (24-31), respectively. The number of Gill reckers in the first gill arch of the three species was 27-34, 21-26, and 14-16 for O. niloticus, O. aureus, and Coptodon Zilli, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between the total length and most of the Morphometric traits of the three species, except for length of the largest ray of the dorsal fin in Coptodon Zilli, as the correlation was negative and weak with eye diameter, length of anal fin base and length of caudal peduncle, while the meristic traits did not show any correlation or it was weak with the total length

Key words: Morphometric, meristic, Tilapia, Al-Muthanna, Iraq. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amir A. Jabir⁽¹⁾, Kadhim H. Younis ⁽¹⁾,  Fawzi, M. alkhwaja; Qusay, H. Al-Hamadany ^(1)*, Ghassan A. Al-Najar⁽¹⁾,  Abdul Amer R. Jassim⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Marine Vertebrates, Marine Sciences Center, BasrahUniversity , Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Qusay Hamid Al-Hamadany, E-Mail: qusayhamid@yahoo.com). 

Received: 12/09/2023                 Accepted: 17/10/2023

Abstract: 

  Different sizes and ages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Aphanius dispar and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were exposed to different voltages of alternating current (AC). The small sizes of all types of fish were found to be more resistant to different voltages and more tolerant to the electric current than the large ones. The current study showed a positive relationship between the period of exposure to different voltages with the recovery time of the first fish and the total recovery of all fish. No fish mortality was recorded at voltage 150 for all types of fish. In contrast, the highest percentage of fish mortality was recorded using voltage 220, especially common carp with an average length of (3.3 cm).

Keyword: Fish, Electric fishing, Basrah, Recovery time, Stunning time.

Full paper in English:  pdf

Ahmad Sardini^*(1)and  Adel Jammoul ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmad Sardini. E-Mail: rafeaahmad40@gmail.com).

Received: 21/06/2022                 Accepted: 30/10/2022

Abstract: 

The present work aims to study the effect of adding (fenugreek seeds) to poultry diets on some production indicators of broiler. The research was carried out in a private poultry house in Homs during the period between October 17 to December 1, from 2021 AD. In the experiment 90 broilers from Hybrid Ross were used, randomly distributed, at the age of one day, within three different treatments, with 30 chicks per treatment, one treatment divided into three replicates. The difference between treatments was the level of addition of fenugreek seeds, treatment T1 control treatment had eaten the basal feed without addition of fenugreek seeds, while treatment T2 representing the treatment which eating the basal feed plus 1% of fenugreek seeds to feed along the period of experiment and treatment T3 representing the treatment which eating the basal feed plus 2% of fenugreek seeds. The results showed significant increase (P<0.05) between the experiment treatments where T2 outperformed the rest of the other studied transactions, so that was the average live weight (2409) g, the average weight gain (2368) g, the average feed consumption (5008) g and the feed conversion factor (2.11). In addition to the lower mortality rate in treatment T2 compared to treatment T3 and treatment of the control.

Key   words: feed   mixtures, productivity   indicators, fenugreek   seeds, broilers.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Yazan Ali ^{(1) *}, Riyad Zidan ⁽¹⁾, Jehan Mtawj ⁽²⁾, and Jenan Othman ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) The General Organization for Seed Multiplication, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Yazan Ali. E-Mail: yazan123no123@gmail.com).

Received: 21/06/2022                 Accepted: 30/10/2022 

Abstract: 

The research was carried out on a private farm for the production of mushrooms in the village of Stmarkho in Lattakia governorate, under dark room conditions for mushroom production in 2022. The research aimed to study the effect of adding potassium humate and cotton waste on the production and quality of oyster mushrooms. The research included 9 treatments: control (wheat straw only), adding potassium humate at 150 and 200 mg/kg, cotton waste at 2.5% and 5% from dry weight to the substrate, and four mixed treatments. after sterilization and add cotton waste and potassium humate, the substrate was inoculated using 5% oyster mushroom mycelium, and then put in polyethylene bags. each bag filled with 3.3 kg (1 kg of dry straw) of inoculated substrate (165 g spawn/bag). The results of the study showed that the addition of cotton waste and potassium humate to the substrate led to an increase in the amount of production with significant differences compared to the control, and the cotton waste treatment was superior by 5% over the control and on all other treatments with significant differences and production amounted to (373.7 g/kg wet substrate), followed by treatment Cotton waste 2.5% with a production amounted to (342.9 g/kg), and came in third place the treatment of potassium humate 150 mg with a production amounted to (335.5 g/kg).  The results also showed that adding cotton waste and potassium humate led to improve the qualitative properties of the mushroom in terms of the percentage of protein, and the cotton waste 5% treatment achieved the highest percentage of protein amounted to (3.99%), and the cotton waste 2.5% treatment achieved the highest percentage of ash amounted to (1.1%),while there were no significant differences in terms of the percentage of carbohydrates.

Key words: oyster mushrooms, cotton waste, potassium humate, productivity, quality characteristics

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wael Mtawj ^{(1 )}*, Mazen Rajab⁽¹⁾and Hassan Khojah⁽²⁾

(1). Researcher, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Biotechnology Dept, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Professor, Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Wael Mtawj. E-Mail.:mtwjmrym@gmail.com)

Received: 14/06/2022               Accepted: 25/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during 2017/2016. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with fifteen primers were applied, used to estimate genetics variation to six clones chemical mutagen by EMS (Ethel methan sulphonat) and salt tolerant M5 of potato Marfona cv. umutant. The results showed that the treatment 40mM/2-3hr were the bes and tthe clones 403P14, 403P2, 402P31 were the most tolerant for salinity. Phases of work included the isolation and purification of DNA plant parts and DNA polymorphisms were scored within amplified fragements by electrophoresis. The results of RAPD analysis were clear differences in the number of DNA amplified fragments and molecular weights depending on the primers user of the 15 random primers tested, 3 primers generate polymorphic RAPD patterns. These primers produced 27 bands  across all 6 potato clones corresponding to average of 9.0 bands per primer. Only 6 bands of them were monomorphic, A total number of polymorphic amplified 21 fragments for all primers used. whereas the others were polymorphic reaching 77.03 % of the total bands produced. The maximum number of bands was 13 with opj01 primer tested, while the lowest number of bands (6) observed with the primer OPC04. The results were showed than potato clones (403p2, 403p14,404p13) variation on Marfona cv. umutant by number of polymorphic amplified (5,10,12) fragments, while the lowest number of Polymorphic (1,1,2) bands of the clones (402p31,403p42,404p46) for all primers used.

Keywords: Potato , Marfona , RAPD.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Othman Khalid Alwan^*(1) and Shahad Mohammed Turki ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design. College of Agriculture. Diyala University. Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Othman Khalid Alwan. E-Mail: athman56@yahoo.com)

Received:3/09/2023            Accepted:15/10/2023

Abstract: 

 Afactorial experiment was carried out in the fall of 2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape – College of Agriculture – University of Diyala to study the effect of spraying plants with foliar nutrients boron, zinc and sorbitol and their interactions at concentrations of 100 ml.L^-1 for each of boron and zinc and 5 g.L^-1 sorbitol on three A hybrid of cauliflower. It was designed with a split plot system within (RCBD).  The main plots represented the spraying agent and the secondary plots represented the cauliflower hybrids. The results showed that the combined spray treatment (sorbitol, zinc, boron) was superior in vegetative Characteristics, including the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus and the concentration of boron in the leaves, which reached 2.60%, 0.36%, and 64.21 ppm, respectively, as well as plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves, which reached 68.87. cm, 3.38 cm, 20.987 leaf^-1, compared to the comparison treatment that gave the lowest values. The V3 Barkha hybrid also excelled in the characteristics of the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus and the concentration of boron in the leaves, which recorded 2.26%, 0.29%, 52.07 ppm, as well as plant height and Stem diameter and a number of leaves reached 69.58 cm, 2.89 cm, and 20.833 leaf-1, respectively, compared to the peral V3 hybrid, which gave the lowest values. The results also showed a significant superiority of the double interaction between the combined spray treatment (sorbitol, zinc, boron) and the Barkha V3 hybrid in all chemical and vegetative growth characteristics, compared to the double interaction between the V3 peral hybrid and the comparison spray treatment, which gave the lowest values for all the studied traits.

Keywords: cauliflower, foliar nutrients, boron, zinc, sorbitol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rachid Al-seid Omar* ⁽¹⁾  Ghada Kattmah⁽¹⁾  Reem Abdel Hameed ⁽¹⁾  Mohammad Habou⁽²⁾ Firas Al Gammaz ⁽³⁾  Fersa Azam⁽⁴⁾ Hazem Al-Zailaa ⁽⁵⁾  Jan Abdoush ⁽⁶⁾  Abdallah Farhoud ⁽⁷⁾  Ali Al- Dahouri⁽⁶⁾  Nour Alkaim ⁽⁸⁾

(1). Administration of Horticulture Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Directorate of olive office, Hamah, Syria.

(3). Administration of Natural Recourses Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(4). Administration of Plant Protection Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(5). Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(6). Directorate of Plant Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(7). Land and Water Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(8). Directorate of Mitigation the Effect of Drought and Natural Disasters on Plant Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rachid Al-seid Omar. E-Mail: dr.rachid_omar@hotmail.com).

Received:3/07/2022            Accepted:13/11/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted during the period (2017 – 2021), in accordance with decision No. 488/16/16/2017 issued by the Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, which includes the formation of a committee, whose task is to prepare a map of the region of the spread of diseases and insects that affect olive trees, maps of environmental factors and areas suitable for olive spread, and the map of convenient olive varieties in Syria, based on GIS programs. According to the steps of preparing the maps and representing the required data, data related to the dominant variety and the most important pests spread by altitude were collected and verified during the field tours of the work team in Aleppo Governorate, and detection of the accuracy of the results with the concerned departments in the Directorate of Agriculture, and accordingly, the required maps were completed in the two governorates. The implemented GIS maps showed clarity in the extrapolation and analysis of some information about the governorates of Aleppo and Idleb, such as the altitude above sea level, minimum and maximum temperatures, which showed the topographic and climatic diversity of the two governorates, and the environmental resilience of the prevalent varieties of olive that dominates most of the cultivated areas there. The spread of pests that affect the olive tree was associated with the variety and its sensitivity sometimes, such as infestation by the stalk borer, and with climatic conditions at other times, such as the spread of the peacock’s eye disease in wet areas and near-surface water, and the maps showed also that the dominant varieties in Aleppo governorate are Zayti, Sourani and Qaisi, while the Sourani variety spread in most areas of Idleb governorate.

Keywords: olive, GIS maps, probability pests, dominant variety.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hussam Baroudi *⁽¹⁾ Georgous Makhoul ⁽¹⁾ Wafaa Choumane ⁽²⁾ Khaldoun Tiba ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. Biotechnology Center, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hussam Baroudi. Email: hussambaroudi@gmail.com).

Received: 2/10/2022                 Accepted: 15/11/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in 2019 and 2020, on 49 cultivated types of al-shami mulberry from Al-Qunitera, Hadar ‎‎(37 types), Tartous ‎‎(9), and Lattakia (3). Twenty-five morphological characters based on leaves, catkins and fruits were used to study the morphological characterization, genetic ‎diversity between the ‎different types‎, and set essential taxonomic keys for them. Based on the interest of General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research in alshami mulberry tree, which spread widely in Al-Qunitera, in addition to the absence of morphological studies for it. Morphological taxonomic keys for Alshami mulberry were established. Data had been organized ‎into tables to calculate the degree of dissimilarity ‎and to establish a dendrogram representing the genetic distance between Alshami genotypes. A High level of dissimilarity was revealed between all studied types within and between the different geographic sites. The morphological cluster tree for all types showed two main groups with a genetic contrast ratio of 52%. These results showed that the polymorphism detected between the different types revealed a difference at the genetic level, in addition to the effect of ‎environmental factors on the most studied characters, which makes these ‎characters suitable for the detection of genetic diversity between Al-shami mulberry ‎types and for the establishment of a mulberry database to use it later in the genetic ‎improvement of mulberry trees.

‎Keywords: Shami mulberry, Morus nigra L., Genetic diversity, Morphological characterization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mostafa Zangl ⁽¹⁾, Adel Mehio ⁽²⁾, Fouad Nehmeh ⁽¹⁾ and Mahmoud Abdel Karim ^(1*)

 (1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria University

 (2). Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Karim, e-mail: Madrid198182@yahoo.com)

Received: 6/12/2022           Accepted: 3/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, during March – April of 2022. The aim of the research was to study the effect of adding different percentages of gelatin on the properties of fermented milk. The results obtained showed an increase in the percentage of dry matter in samples to which gelatin was added compared to the besides, it was found that the addition of gelatin resulted in a high percentage of protein in the final product, as the percentage of protein in the sample to which gelatin was added reached 4.5% compared to the control in which the percentage of protein was 3.4%, and the obtained results showed a significant decrease in the acidity percentage of samples to which gelatin was added. Compared with the control, it was found that the addition of gelatin led to higher viscosity values ​​and that the higher the percentage of added gelatin, the higher the viscosity value significantly, and it was found that the addition of gelatin improved the sensory properties of the final product, especially the texture characteristic.

Keywords: Cow’s Milk, Gelatin, Fermented Milk.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf