Riham Khozam *⁽¹⁾ Ghassan Shoura ⁽²⁾ and Rosa F. Karmoka ⁽³⁾

(1). Ministry of Agriculture, Damascus, Syria.

(2). University of Damascus, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Ministry of Communication and Technology, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Riham Khozam, E-Mail: roreta.khozam@gmail.com)

Received: 9/08/2022           Accepted: 16/11/2022

Abstract: 

This research deals with the spatial analysis of green areas in Al. Assad Suburb in Damascus countryside through the application of several criteria, cartographic and statistical analysis for their distribution and measuring their efficiency using GIS and satellite visual information systems appropriate for the study area, and to complete all the requirements of this study, data and information were collected by Field work, which contributed to building a geographical database, much of its data was represented in many of the maps included in this study.The study also measured the Central feature, Mean center and dispersion of green areas and the direction of distribution, and the study showed the efficiency of geographic information systems in data processing using many of its functions in the spatial analysis process. The study concluded with a number of recommendations that call in its entirety to take advantage of geographic information systems as an integrated system, in the application of clear planning standards for the establishment of green areas in a way that secures a fair and ideal distribution within the fabric. Urban about the areas to be planned in the future.

Keywords: spatial analysis, green areas, Al. Assad Suburb, GIS.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Riad Qara Fallah* ⁽¹⁾ and Rasha Khaddam ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Geography,Tishreen University,Latakia,Syria.     

(*Corresponding author: Riad Qara Fallah. E-Mail riadqarafallah@gmail.com,Phone:).

Received:  24/05/2022        Accepted: 17/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research aims to determine the amount of linear regression of rainfall amounts and their annual and seasonal changes in the Syrian Badia during 51 years, and to compare precipitation rates during the period 1970-2000 with the period 2001-2020. The results showed a statistically significant decline in the general trend of annual rainfall by a maximum of 98.9 mm during the entire study. Period Seasonally, the regression lines declined significantly, and the winter and spring regression lines were the most prominent, and the period 2001-2020 witnessed a decline in the rate of precipitation compared to the period 1970-2000 and was mostly not statistically significant. The spatial distribution maps indicated a decrease in precipitation over all of the Badia area, except for an increase in the southwestern part by 12 mm in the spring and winter seasons, while precipitation increased in the eastern regions and declined over all regions in the fall during the period 2001-2020 compared to the period 1970-2000.

Keywords: Precipitation change, Climate change, Syrian Badia.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bushra Hasan^*(1) and Amal Dayoub⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Environmental Prevention Higher Institution of Environmental Researches, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*corresponding author: Eng. Bushra Hasan, E-mail: bushrahasan987@gmail.com ).

Received: 12/09/2022         Accepted: 17/11/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted with the aim of revealing the effect of some soil physical and chemical characteristics on the spread of helminth eggs in two different sites in Ghenieri, Jableh between 2021-2022. The results showed that there was contamination with helminths eggs which is higher than the permissible limit according to the standards set by World Health Organization, enumeration of eggs reached 2.65 and 1.76 eggs / 1g in the studied sites S1 and S2, respectively. Seven types of eggs belonging to worms were isolated and identified: Ascaris sp (40.14%), Ancylostoma duodonale (4.99%), Hookworms (4.99%), Enterobius vermicularis (19.96%) and Fasciola hepatica (4,99%) Taenia sp. (14.97%) and Hymenolepis nana (9.98%), the most common were Ascaris eggs. Cysts of parasitic protozoa were also observed. The results also showed an increase in enumeration of eggs in S1 with high clay content, organic matter, moisture and high pH compared to the site S2 with high sandy content and low organic matter and low humidity.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Bushra Alajoze^(*) and Ghiath Alloush⁽¹⁽

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author, Bushra Alajoze:  bushraa.alajoze@gmail.com)

Received: 12/09/2022         Accepted: 18/11/2022

Abstract: 

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during (April-May 2021) at Tishreen University (tomato, cv. Bestona F1) using Nutrient Culture System. The study included different (NO₃^–:NH₄⁺) ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The experiment lasted for 24 days during which nutrient solutions were changed twice a week. At harvest, plants were separated into shoots and roots, and fresh samples were taken for measurements of nitrate reductase activity (NRA) both actual and potential). Subsamples of fresh roots were also taken for measurement of root length. The remaining shoots and roots were oven-dried and weighed. Total N and soluble NO₃^– and NH₄⁺ in shoots and roots tissue were measured. N uptake values were used to calculate inflow (I, mg/m root length/day) and specific accumulation rate in the shoots (SAcR, mg/g shoot DM/day).  The results have demonstrated that plants (100% NO₃^–) had better dry matter accumulation. Moreover, using the combination of 25:75 and 0:100 (NO₃^–:NH₄⁺) decreased shoot dry matter by 36% and 75.5% respectively. The presence of 25% ammonium in the nutrient solution enhanced roots development reaching 260 m/plant, and was superior to (203-70 m/plant) in the 100% nitrate and 100% ammonium treatments, respectively. Nitrogen concentration ranged from 43-68 mg N/g DM in roots compared to 35-42 mg/g DM in the shoots. Nitrogen forms (NO₃^–:NH₄⁺), and their ratios did not influence N translocation to the shoots (SAcR), which was consistent with Inflow rates. High free nitrate concentrations were in the in the shoots 100% nitrate treatment (1.25 mg NO₃^– -N/g DM), and decreased by 20% and 80% in the 25% and100% ammonium treatments, respectively. This may indicates that NO3- was not stored in the vacuoles. Nitrogen assimilation is an expression of nitrogen investments in biochemical processes in the plants, and may explain growth enhancement in NO₃^– -fed plants.  NRA values were high in the roots of 100:0 (NO₃^–:NH₄⁺) treatment, and decreases gradually with increasing NH₄⁺ concentration in the nutrient solution up to 100% NH₄⁺. Similarly, potential (NRA) was inhibited with increasing NH₄⁺ in the nutrient solution, This is may be due to ammonium toxic to NR enzyme, or inhibition of formation of the enzyme in the presence of high NH₄ concentrations..

Key words: Nutrient Culture, tomato, NO₃ and NH₄ nutrition, N uptake, N assimilation, Nitrate reductase enzyme.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bashar Tobo^*(1)_,  Hikmat Abass⁽¹⁾ , Wael Ali^{(1 )} and Ahmad Mahmoud⁽²⁾

(1). Postgraduate student (Doctorate) Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

 (2).General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:   Bashar Tobo, Email:  bashar.tobo33@gmail.com). 

Received: 23/08/2022         Accepted: 17/11/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the Shuh forest in Slonfeh – ​​Lattakia governorate in the Syrian coastal mountains region, which is one of the most important threatened forest ecosystems in Syria. The aim of this research is to estimate the growth and wood yield of Abies cilicica trees located in the Cedar and Fir Reserve in Lattakia Governorate and to establish a database for the Cilician fir forest (diameters – heights – wood stocks) using traditional inventories. The field measurements were carried out in the winter of 2020, and (46) circular sample plots (with an area of ​​400 square meters) were taken to cover all variations in the forest. The mean diameter of trees (1239 trees) in all plots was 22.5 ± 42.6 cm, and the mean height was 8.7 ± 22.7 m. The highest value of basal area and woody stock were in the southwestern exposure, with a value of 70.4 m2/ha and 883.8 m3/ha with a tree density of 487 trees/ha, followed by the western exposure with a value of 57.1 m2/ha in basal area and 655.8 m3/ha in woody stock with a tree density of 518 trees/ha, followed by the northwestern exposure with 56.4 m2/ha in basal area and 651.4 m3/ha in woody stock 529 trees/ha respectively. While the lowest value in basal area was ​​37.2 m2/ha and in woody stock was 374.8 m3/ha in the northern exposure with a tree density of 525 trees/ha, followed by the eastern exposure with a value of 34.8 m2/ha in basal area and 358 m3/ha in woody stock and tree density of 514 trees/ha respectively. The value of the mean annual increment in each of the southwestern, western and northwestern exposure outperformed its counterparts in the eastern and northern exposure, while the value of the mean annual increment in the northwestern exposure was 5.1 m3/h/year respectively. The lowest value of the mean annual increment was in the eastern and northern exposure, with a value of 3.2 m3/h/year in the northern exposure, and a value of 3 m3/h/year in the eastern exposure.

key words: Abies Cilicica, Cedar and Fir Reserve, wood productivity,  mean annual increment, exposure, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Batool Salameh^{* (1)},Leila Habib ⁽¹⁾,  Areej Adra ⁽²⁾ and Zyad Hatem ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of soil and water sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University- Lattakia-Syria.

(2). Department of Environmental Chemistry, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Batool Salameh. Email: Batoolzaka@gmail.com)

Received:  23/10/2022               Accepted: 6/12/2022

Abstract: 

In this study, the effect of two slow-release phosphate fertilizers (SRF1, SRF3) on Zea maize growth was studied in comparison with commonly used triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizers were prepared by phosphate loading on a surface-modified nanozoolite by treating with hexa dimethyl triamine-bromide (HDTMA-Br) with two modification rates: 100 and 300% of the external cation exchange capacity ECEC of nanozeolite, they called: SRF1 and SRF3 respectively. A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out in Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria during summer of 2022. The experiment included three treatments from different fertilizer sources, the commonly used triple superphosphate fertilizer TSP and the prepared slow-release fertilizer SRF1 and SRF3. Fertilizers were applied at three levels based on their phosphorous content, which are 10, 20, 30 ppm as P . Main achieved results of the study:  a significant increase in plant shoot weight by using slow-release fertilizers SRF1 and SRF3 compared to TSP treatment. The use of slow-release fertilizers led to an increase in phosphorus uptake by the plant, and it was significantly higher than TSP treatment. The slow-release phosphate fertilizers showed a high phosphorus use efficiency, it reached to 53% for the SRF1 treatment and 45% in the SRF3 treatment, while it didn’t exceed 10% in the TSP treatment.

Key words: Nano-fertilizers, Phosphorus, Slow release fertilizers, P-Efficiency, Zea maize.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bassel Akeel   * ⁽¹⁾ Sawsan Haifa ⁽¹⁾  Haitham Ismail⁽²⁾

(1). Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:   Bassel Akeel . E-Mail basselakeel16@gmail.com)

Received:  17/11/2022        Accepted: 16/09/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted during 2021 in laboratories of Agriculture faculty of Tishreen University and in Ain Shiqaq area Lattakia. With the aim of studying the growth and development of pomegranate plant under influence of OMWW that was added a month before planting with concentrations (25,50,75,100)% of the total added water (500 ml per sacht) in addition to control (without OMWW). According to Completely Random Block Design (CRDB) with four replications per treatment. The results showed that no effect of OMWW on percentage of rooting ratio that scored with two values (87.5-90) percentage for all treatments over the control.  But the effect of OMWW appeared clearly through the significant superiority of the treatments T2 (50%), T3 (75%), T4 (100%) over the control, With increase in the concentration of OMWW used has increased (plant height, number of leaves, wet weight and leaf area). where the average plant height recorded 60.17 cm with number of leaves 208.2 leave, wet weight 11.553g and leaf area 4.215 cm² in treatment (T4), while the control values decreased where it was recorded 54.08 cm, 178.8 leave, 10.071g and 3.325cm² of plant height, number of leaves, wet weight and leaf area in respectively.

Keywords: Olive Mill Waste Water, Pomegranate, French Category, Rooting ratio, Growth of plant.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Iman Ibrahim* ⁽¹⁾ Najwa Muslmani ⁽¹⁾ Imad aldeen ALKhalaf ⁽¹⁾ Abeer alramo ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University

(*Corresponding author: Iman Ibrahim     E-Mail iman.sy@hotmail.com).

Received: 17/11/2022         Accepted: 6/12/2022

Abstract: 

Nanotechnology is one of the modern technologies that are involved in many fields, including agriculture. The goal of this research is to manufacture nano-zinc oxide by sol-gel method and measure the size of the manufactured particles, and then apply them to celery seeds. At first, nanoparticles of zinc oxide were prepared by sol-gel method Several techniques were used to characterize the prepared nanoparticles, including infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) and dynamic light scattering technology DLS with a zeta sizer device, which was prepared from zinc oxide nanoparticles of six gradient concentrations. of ZnO-NPs (5, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100) mg/l, Bulk zinc oxide and zinc sulfate were prepared in the same concentrations as above, and celery seeds were soaked for four hours, and then transferred to sterile Petri dishes. The results showed, depending on the characterization methods used, the success of the formation of zinc oxide particles, and the size of these particles was about (12) nm, and the seeds treated with ZnO-NPs were significantly affected by giving the highest germination indicators compared to other treatments. We can conclude through this study the importance of using ZnO-NPs to improve productivity and growth of agricultural crops.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, nano- zinc oxide nanoparticals, growth indicators, celery.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghiath A. Alloush⁽¹⁾, Osama Hatta^*(1), and Ali Yousif⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

 (2). Researcher at the General Commission of Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Osama Hatta, Email: osamahatta87@gmail.com)

Received: 8/10/2022                    Accepted: 29/11/2022

Abstract: 

A pot experiment was conducted on soft wheat (cv. Sham 10) in a greenhouse on Tishreen University campus in season 2021-2022. The experiment included 5 levels of phosphorus applications (0-30-60-90-120 mg P/kg soil), which correspond to (0-20-40-60-80 and 100 kg P/h^-1), as according to soil weight in pots. Pots were completely randomized on the experimental plot. Seeding was at a rate of 120 kg/h^-1 (9 plants/pot). At harvest, readings for growth and productivity traits were recorded. Plant parts (straw, grain and roots) were oven-dried and P contents were determined. P removal was estimated and efficiencies of growth, productivity and P utilization efficiencies were calculated.  Number of fertile tellers increased with increasing level of P application reaching maximum number at 75 kg P/h^-1, an increase rate of 3 times compared to the control. The application rate of 100 kg P/h^-1 increased significantly number of grain in main spike to reach 42.2 grain per spike, an increase rate of 87% compared to the control. The effect P application was more evident on spike in tellers in which number and weight of grain was increased gradually. This enhancement in the productivity trait was reflected on grain yield. The highest yield reached was 13431 kg/h^-1 at 100 kg P/h^-1, an increase by about 170% compared to the control treatment. No significant differences were observed in hay weights and harvest index between 75 and 100 kg P/h-1, while phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) was remarkably increased at 75 kg P/h-1 reaching 45%, and decreased to 33% with 100 kg P/h-1. Physiological efficiency (PE) was not significantly different with differing level of P application, ranging between 17.7 and 19.3 kg grain/kg absorbed P.

Key Words: Soft Wheat, Sham 10, Phosphorus Fertilization, Growth and Productivity Trait, PUE, Calcareous Soil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Manal Othman^*(1)  Fadi Abbas ⁽²⁾   Entessar Al Jbawi ⁽³⁾   Ahmad AL-Ali ⁽⁴⁾ and Gaidaa Alesha ⁽⁵⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural   Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Homs Agricultural Research Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Agricultural Extension Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MAAR), Damascus, Syria.

(4). Hama Agricultural Research Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(5). AL-Ghab Agricultural Research Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Manal Othman, E-Mail: manalosman709@gmail.com)

Received: 31/8/2022                    Accepted: 24/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study focused on estimating the yield stability of sugar beet cultivars in Syria. The data were collected from experimental studies on imported cultivars. Nine cultivars of sugar beet were compared in three main winter-growing regions of Syria in 2021, in randomized complete block design, with three replicates. The effect of locations, location ×cultivar was highly significant (P≤0.001) on root yield, while no significant differences were found among cultivars. Among the cultivars, SM1390 had the highest root yield (66.60 t/ha), followed by MK2832 and Milkos (65.96, 65.96 t/ha respectively), whereas Prestibel had the lowest root yield (52.77 t/ha). The significance of location × cultivar interaction showed that cultivars did not have uniform performance at different locations. Estimation of different stability indices revealed that Milkos had high root yield and stability, while Prestibel and Hospoly were found to be cultivars with low yield and stability. Terios and MK2832 displayed moderate stability. The estimation of the reliability index of root yield for different cultivars indicated that Milkos, had higher reliability than the other cultivars.

Keywords: Genotype-Environment Interaction, Sugar beet, Stability, Root yield.

Full paper in English: pdf