Anwar ALsayed* ⁽¹⁾ and   Lubna ALbshi⁽¹⁾

 (1).General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR).

(*Corresponding author: Anwar ALsayedm,E-Mail.alsaiedanwar416@ gmail.com.)

Received: 9/12/2022           Accepted: 20/02/2023

Abstract: 

Study the effect of foliar fertilization with solutions with increased concentrations of boron (25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 0, 30) ppm on the growth and productivity of pea plant (Pisum SativumL.) Ghouta was classified during the 2019-2020 season at the Saalo Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Deir Ezzor. The experiment was planted in dumps with an area of (2×2) m2, soil with a pH (7.8), non-saline (Ec=2.32) dS/m, clayey, poor in organic matter and with a high calcium content, which makes boron not available to the plant. The experiment was designed by the method of complete random sectors by seven coefficients with three replicates The number of experimental pieces was (21) experimental pieces and the fertilizer used is borax (11 B), The foliar spraying process was carried out in the following concentrations (30,25,20,15,10,5,0) ppm and in two stages, the first stage is the young phase (6) leaves using (10) ml of the spray solution, and the rest of the solution was sprayed (90) ml in the second stage of spraying (pre-flowering stage), Major nutrient fertilizers were added through the soil according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture for all transactions, while the control treatment (0) sprayed the leaves with 100 ml of distilled water, and major nutrient fertilizers were added to its soil as in the rest of the transactions.  Organic matter was also added to the soil before planting and with regard to the treatment of the control, (100) ml of distilled water was sprayed. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments when the first batch of boron was added at an early stage of plant life (stage 6 leaves). While the differences between the studied coefficients in growth indicators (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet and dry weight of the vegetative group, number of flowers in the plant and production) were significant when the second batch of borax (pre-flowering phase) was given.

Keywords: Foliar spraying, boron, borax, peas.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Anoud Tena⁽¹⁾ and Hassan Obead ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Anoud Tena, E-mail: anoudtena@gmail.com, phone: 0932128887)

Received: 8/01/2023            Accepted: 16/02/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the farm of Abu Jarash in the Faculty of Agriculture – Damascus University, and the analyzes were conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture, and the National commission for Biotechnology (NCBT ) in Damascus. The cultivation was carried out for three consecutive seasons in December 2018-2019-2020, with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying with five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mmol) its symbols SA0, SA1, SA2, SA3 and SA4, and three levels of irrigation (control, 75 and 50% of the field capacity) in the growth, development and productivity of two strawberry hybrids “Festival and Camarosa”. The results showed that water stress lead to a decline of physical parameters of fruit.The weight of fruit reached to 14.06 g under the irrigation level (75%), while it decreased to 10.45 g under 50% field capacity, as compared to the control (15.62 g). The percentage of decrease in fruit diameter was 46.74% in the treatment 50% as compared to the control. However, water stress improved the quality of the fruits by increasing the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, while the total acidity decreased with reducing the amount of irrigation to 50% in the two hybrids, Festival and Camarosa. Spraying with salicylic acid also contributed to improving some quality characteristics of the fruits (contents of TSS, vitamin C, anthocyanins), at the same time reducing the content of total carotenoids in the fruits, while it did not affect the acidity of the fruits of the hybrid Festival, This makes the fruits taste tastier and increases their storage.

Keyword: Strawberry, irrigation Ievel, Salicylic Acid, Fruit Quality.       

   Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar  nbeaa ^*(1) Ali Dib⁽¹⁾ and Ali Elkhateeb⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Agriculture College Tishreen University, Lattakia,Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: ammar mouhamad nbeaa. E-Mail: ammar.nbeaa1991@gmail.com ).

Received: 14/12/2022         Accepted: 15/03/2023

Abstract: 

The study was carried out during (2020 and 2021) at Setkhiris village which belonging to the countryside of Lattakia Governorate, in citrus orchard containing (36) trees of citrus paradise at the age of 25 years old and grafted on citrumelo as root stock, to study the impact of foliar spray with mixture of macronutrients (N,P,K)(2 g/l) , mixture of micronutrients (Fe,B,Mg,Zn) (1g/l) and citric acid(1 g/l) , on the growing and fruiting properties of the citrus  paradise. The results showed positive effects of the treatments in improving vegetative growth parameter, flowering , fruiting and  fruit production    compared to the control , at treatment of multi fertilization with mixture of macronutrients, mixture of micronutrients and citric acid spray achieved the highest number of vegetative growths (9.5),and the highest percentage of fruit quide (4.22%), The same treatment also gave the largest amount of production (223.5kg/tree). and spraying treatment with mixture of macronutrients and mixture of micronutrients gave the highest value for leaf area (48.47 cm2), Also, spraying with mixture of micronutrients and citric acid gave the highest value for the total number of flowers (73.33).

Key words: citrus paradise, citrumelo, fertilize, Spray on the shoots, productive qualities.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abboud Aljasim ^(1)*

(1). Horticulture-Agriculture Faculty- Alfurat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abboud aljasim. Email: abboudaljasim@gmail.com).

Received: 1/12/2022      Accepted: 20/03/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the two growing seasons 2021 – 2022 in RAQQA governorate. The town of KDAIRAN, which is located 30 km from RAQQA city, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying three concentrations of fulvic acid (1000 – 1500 – 2500) ppm on the morphological, specific and productive traits of cowpea plant. The experiment was designed according to a complete randomized block design with three replications. the results showed that the foliar spraying of the cowpea plants with fulvic acid at a concentration of (1500-2500) ppm contributed to improve the morphological traits of the cowpea, as the plant reached a length of (115 – 105) cm, respectively, and the area of the leaf surface to (21346 – 15520) cm2, respectively. Also in obtaining the best qualitative characteristics of cowpea plant, where the wet weight of the shoot reached (3.47 – 3.27)g and the dry weight (0.54 – 0.47)g, respectively. The best productivity (3570) kg/d was obtained with spraying 2500 ppm of fulvic acid

Key words: Fulvic Acid, Cowpea, Dry Weight, wet Weight, leaf surface

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rima Almouie*⁽¹⁾ and Bassam Alsaleh Alabd ⁽²⁾

 (1). Department of  Horticultur, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Rima Almouie. Email: rimalmouie@gmail.com).

Received: 7/10/2022      Accepted: 20/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to estimate the morphological variations of different Balady cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.) genotypes grown under Baniyas ‎Conditions.‎ Fifty genotypes (Plants) were analyzed using 25 morphological traits (included leaves and heads) in order to evaluate the genetic distance and to ‎establish a dendrogram of genetic relationships between the studied genotypes. High level of diversity ‎was detected between the different genotypes. The 50 genotypes were clustered ‎in 8 distinct groups with genetic distance about 80%, ratio of head formation was 80%, the head weight ranged from 2.1 to 3.9kg. Head shape was spheric or transverse elliptic. head cover from subtending leaves was exposed, intermediate, covered. The presence of a wide genetic base in Baladi cabbadge ‎allows the selection and the combination of interesting genotypes for important characters to obtain ‎improved varieties able of competing in the local market.

‎Keyword: Balady cabbage, morphological variation, compact head, genetic distance.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amgad Farah^(1)* , Rama Aziz⁽¹⁾ and  OsamaAL Abdullah⁽²⁾

(1). Hort. Dep., Fac. Agri., Damascus Univ., Damascus, Syria.

(2). Horticultural Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amgad Farah, E.mail Stevanamgad@gmail.com).             

Received: 26/01 / 2023        Accepted: 14 /03/ 2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in the centers of the General Comssion for Scientific Agricultural Research during two growing seasons (2022-2023), in order to study the effect of foliar spraying with licorice extract (GL1, GL2, GL3) 5, 10, 15 g/L, and gibberellin acid (GA1, GA2, GA3) 5, 10, 15 mg/L in addition to the control without spraying. lettuce spraying was done at the stage of formation of the true leaves of the plant (4-5), and at a rate of one spray every two weeks until the stage of completion of vegetative growth, the foliar spraying treatments contributed with licorice extract and acid Al-Gabrielin in improving the characteristics of vegetative growth and the specific and productive characteristics of lettuce, The design of the experiment was factorial, according to complete randomization, with three replications for one treatment.The results show that the treatment of foliar spraying with gibberellin acid GA3 at a concentration of 15 mg/L was significantly superior to all other treatments in field indicators, such as average plant height (33.13) cm, head circumference (54.28) cm, head weight (677.8) g,, and productivity (3000) kg/m2, and it also excelled significantly in qualitative traits such as the average percentage of humidy (93.49)%, the content of carotenoids (12.38) mg/L, and the content of chlorophyll A and B (0.530, 0.180) mg/L. L, followed by a significant superiority of the treatment of spraying with licorice extract GL3 over all other treatments and in all studied traits.While the control treatment, GG, gave the lowest value in all traits, and the site of Al-Taybeh in the countryside of Damascus was superior to the site of Khan Arnabeh in all studied field and laboratory indicators. The results confirm the importance of spraying plant extracts and using them as natural alternatives because they are free of chemicals and their harmful effect on human health and the environment, because the treatment of foliar spraying with licorice extract gave close results with gibberellin acid in the vegetative, quality and productivity indicators of lettuce.

Key words:  Gibberellin acid, licorice extract, lettuce, foliar spray.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mariam. Banna ⁽¹⁾ * and  Mohammed. Al-Azem ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mariam Banna, E-Mail mariambanna18@gmail.com)

Received: 14/11/2022         Accepted: 8/03/2023

Abstract: 

This study includes the production of grape and pomegranate vinegar with and without adding yeast and ratio with raw vinegar in surface way method in vitro and studying some of physiochemical properties of the vinegar (the percentage of substances, brix, density, ash, pH, reducing sugar, total phenols, and acetic acid). The results showed the superiority of the samples that were inflamed with yeast and water grafting with raw vinegar in all the specialties physicochemical contours for samples to which yeast or raw vinegar has not been pumped at a significant level. The percentage of acetic acid in grape vinegar was higher in G₂ and G₃ (6.19،10.98) % respectively. and higher in the percentage of total phenolic compound in G₂ and G₃ (324.53، 349.07) mg/l respectively. And about pomegranate vinegar, yeast had a clear effect on a decrease in reducing sugar in reached P₂ and P₃ (1.18،3.08) % respectively and thus a decrease in the value of pH reached P₂ and P₃ (2.8،2.63) respectively at a significant level and thus an increase of the percentage of acetic acid reached (7.51,4.91) % respectively.

Key words: grape vinegar, Pomegranate vinegar, surface method, Orleans, acetic acid.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mosa Marhij *⁽¹⁾and Ibrahim Hamdan Saker ⁽¹⁾ and Fouad Ali Slman ⁽²⁾

(1).Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).Department of Food  Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mosa Marhij. E-Mail: mosa.marhig@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received: 23/10/2022                Accepted:24/01/2023

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to calculate the marketing efficiency of strawberries in the protected and open cultivation systems in Lattakia Governorate, in addition to calculating the marketing costs, marketing margins, and the producer’s share of the consumer’s lira for the various marketing routes during the agricultural season 2020-2021. To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was designed and information collected. Of the sample studied by the method of personal interview by asking direct questions to a random sample consisting of 10 wholesalers in each market of Lattakia and Jableh, in addition to 5 retailers. The results showed an increase in the marketing costs of producers in protected and open cultivation, then at the level of the wholesaler and the retailer, respectively, while the retailer achieved the highest marketing efficiency, followed by the wholesalers, and the lowest marketing efficiency went to the producers, and the results also indicated a high marketing margin. Absolute and relative for wholesalers, as the producer’s share of the consumer’s pound was the highest, and the research recommended working to reduce losses from the strawberry crop, and moving towards industrialization to absorb the surplus quantities from production.

Keywords: Strawberry, marketing costs, marketing efficiency, marketing margin, Latakia

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Naji Qaesm A.M. Shaddad * ⁽¹⁾, Hossam El-Din Rushdi ⁽²⁾ , Emad Mahamoud Ayasrah ⁽³⁾ , Mohammed Ali  Alashwal  ⁽⁴⁾ and Ahmed Abdou  S, A, Alhdad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production Nassr,s Faculty of Agriculture Sciences Aden University, Yemen.

(2). Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Egypt.

(3). Animal Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Jordan.

(4). Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Ibb University,

(*Corresponding author: Naji Qaesm Shaddad, E-Mail: nqas2006@gmail.com)

Received: 30/06/2023         Accepted: 7/11/2023

Abstract: 

This study was carried out on the Al-Wali commercial dairy cow farm affiliated with the Al-Wali Group for Development and Investment in the capital, Aden, south of Yemen, and the farm is about 5 km north of it.  From a herd consisting of foreign breeds of dairy cattle, 40 cows were selected (20) Friesian cows and (20) Ayrshire cows. The study animals were selected according to available reproductive records and distributed in the order of the five productive calving seasons, with equal and independent replicates, for both breeds.  The daily milk production was recorded in the year 2022 AD for the study cows, to evaluate the performance of some productivity traits of foreign breeds in southern Yemen, and their impact on the order of calving season and breed.  Among these studied characteristics are the daily milk production characteristic, the adjusted milk production (305 days), and the estimate of the fat percentage of the study cows.  A milk sample from (20) cows was tested randomly from the study animals for the two breeds and each breed of (10) cows, was distributed in equal and independent replicates in the order of the five calving seasons.  The fat percentage was evaluated in the laboratories of the Nasser College of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Aden.  The study data were analyzed using (SAS2004) and (XL.STAT 2021) programs, adopting a completely randomized design (CRD) in analyzing the trial data. The (LSD) test was also used to determine the significant differences between the means.  The results of the study that were obtained were: The general average of the studied characteristics of daily milk production, modified milk production (305 days), and fat percentage for each of the foreign breeds of Friesian and Ayrshire dairy cattle was (10 kg), (7960 kg) and (3.8%), respectively, and the effect was  The order of the productive calving season and the effect of breed, with a highly significant effect (P≤ 0.01) on all the characteristics studied. We conclude from this study that the characteristics of daily milk production and modified milk production (305 days) have an inverse relationship with fat percentage, and that Ayrshire dairy cattle are better than Friesian cattle. The percentage of fat reached (4.12%), due to the genetic makeup of the Ayrshire breed being distinguished by its fat production, and also the reason for the decrease in the amount of milk production of the breed per milking. We recommend using the Ayrshire breed for milk production if the goal of the dairy cattle breeding program is to produce milk and its derivatives and achieve an increase in economic value.  The added profitability of the process of manufacturing dairy and its derivatives, due to the high percentage of fat in the milk of this breed. However, if the goal is to increase milk production, we recommend breeding the Friesian cattle breed, due to its high daily milk production.

Keywords: Evaluation. For traits, Milk production.  Breeds.  Dairy cattle.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdulghani Alkhaldi^(1)*and  Monier Alnabhan ⁽²⁾

(1). Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.    

(2). Center Hama for Agriculture scientific Research, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Abdulghani Alkhaldi. E-Mail: andulgh64@gmail.com)

Received: 6/09/2022           Accepted: 7/12/2022

Abstract: 

This study is the first on the response of Aleppo 124 Variety to different planting dates, where the research aimed to study the response of some productive and morphological characteristics of Aleppo 124 variety to different planting dates. The experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021 at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama of the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, which is located 4 km south and 316 m above sea level, which is characterized by an annual precipitation rate of 338 mm/year. The experiment was designed according to a random block design, and the results were analyzed according to the Genstat 12 statistical program. The result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of 5%, showed that there were high significant differences in the yield of the beloved cotton of the variety Aleppo 124 between the studied planting dates, where the planting date (14-19 of May) outperformed (3812 kg/h) in productivity over The productivity of the subsequent planting dates. It was found that a week’s delay from this date led to a decrease in productivity that ranged between 650 and 850 kg/ha. There was also a significant superiority for plant height, number of fruiting branches and chlorophyll number, higher and middle of the plant over the other later dates. It is possible to extend the planting date of Aleppo 124 variety until the first third of May in Hama. 

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L.,  Aleppo 124 variety, planting date.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf