Norma Alshemali^(1)*, Mohamead Abd ElAziz⁽²⁾and Ammar Wafik Zayoud⁽³⁾

 (1). Syrian General Trading Organization , Aleppo, Syria

 (2). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria. 

 (3). Al Ghab Research Center,General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Norma Alshemali.  E-Mail:nalshemali5@gmail.com).

Received:1/02/2023                         Accepted:30/ 04/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the seasons 2021-2022 at Al-Ghab plain northwest of Hamah Governorate, to study the effect of watering periods (10-15-20-25) days on some growth characteristics and yield components of Pimpinella anisum and determination the ideal irrigation periods under the conditions of the Al-Ghab area. The experiment was designed by randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications, the results showed a significant superiority of irrigation treatment (10) days in the number of seeds in the inflorescence and in the plant, it also gave the highest productivity (1628) kg/h , and the highest percentage of carbohydrates (11.72%) , the irrigation period of (20) days was the best in protein percentage (25.38%), irrigation periods (10-15) days   significants  in the characteristics of plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, and number of inflorescences per plant

Keywords: pimpinella anisum- irrigation periods- carbohydrates percentage-protein percentage- productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Marwan Rahman Al-Jobury^*(1)and Waleed Khalid Al-Juheishy⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Field Crop College of Agric. & Forestry Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Marwan  Al-jobury, Email: marwan.22agp32@student.uomosul.edu.iq.)

Received: 9/03/2024           Accepted: 28/04/2024

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2022 and 2023 in Al-Abbasiya village, located approximately 12 kilometers north of Mosul city center in northern Iraq. The objective was to study the effect of two levels of fertilization (conventional NPK fertilizer and nano-fertilizer) on the growth, yield, and quality of five Safflower genotypes (Gilla, MUJ-36, MUJ-38, MUJ-7, MUJ-2). The experiment was laid out using a split-plot design with three replications according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). The results revealed significant differences between fertilizer levels, with conventional NPK fertilizer outperforming in branch number, while nano-fertilizer excelled in chlorophyll content (76.15 SPAD), number of disks per plant (35.88 disks/plant), disk diameter (2.41 cm), number of seeds per disk (35.74 seeds/disk), 1000-seed weight (38.05 g), seed yield (280.02 g/m2), and oil percentage in seeds (38.05%). Fertilizer levels did not significantly affect plant height. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, with MUJ-2 genotype significantly excelling in leaf chlorophyll content (92.63 SPAD), and MUJ-36 and MUJ-7 genotypes excelling in branch number (25.29 and 25.37 branches/plant, respectively). Gilla genotype excelled in the remaining studied traits. There was a significant interaction between fertilization and genotypes in all studied traits, and the highest seed and oil yield (370.96 g/m2 and 43.68%, respectively) were obtained from the interaction of nano-fertilizer with Gilla genotype.

Keywords: Nano-fertilization, NPK, Safflower Genotypes, Yield, Safflower.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Kawthar Abou Assali ^*(1), Roula Bayerli ⁽²⁾,and  Bassam Al Atalah ⁽¹⁾

(1). Sewida Research Center/ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)/ Damascus, Syria.

(2). Horticulture department/ Faculty of Agricultural Engineering/ Damascus University. Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Kawthar Abou Assali. E-Mail: kawtharaboassaly@gmail.com).

Received: 26/03/2023         Accepted: 14/05/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted at Sewida Agricultural Scientific Research Center/ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research/ Syria during the year 2021. The aim was studying the effect of treatment with salicylic acid (SA) and different irrigation levels on germination of Baladi cucumber cultivar seeds. The seeds were treated for 24 hours, with several concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 1, 50, 150 mg/L) at room temperature, then they were planted in germination trays and several levels of irrigation were applied (100% water: full irrigation, 60% of full irrigation, 80% of full irrigation). The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design, and data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed a decrease in all studied indicators (Germination percentage, germination speed, germination vigor depending on the shoot length, germination vigor depending on the wet weight of seedling, shoot length, wet weight of seedling and wet weight of shoots and roots) as the applied irrigation levels decrease. Treatment with SA had a positive effect on the aforementioned indicators, as the concentrations used for SA achieved a significant difference compared to the control. The concentration of 50 mg / L achieved the highest value among the concentrations tested in all indicators, especially in the average germination vigor depending on the shoot length (329.7), germination vigor depending on the wet weight of seedling (752.8), and the wet weight of seedling (9.363), which showed a significant difference compared to the rest of the treatments and the control (215.9, 445.8, 6.273, respectively). The results of the interaction showed that the two concentrations 50 and 150 mg / L achieved a significant difference compared to the control in all indicators under the different irrigation levels. The concentration 50 mg/L in all irrigation levels achieved the highest values for studied indicators compared to the control. It can be said that the pre-soaking with salicylic acid, especially the concentration 50 mg/L, achieved a significant improvement in the studied indicators in response to different irrigation levels at the germination level.

Keywords: Irrigation level, Cucumber, Salicylic acid, Seeds, Germination.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghina Adba^{*(1) (2)} , Ali Zidan⁽¹⁾ , Mais Deeb⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Scientific Research Center, Tishreen University, Tartous, Syria.

(* Correspondent:  Ghina Adba, E-mail adbaghina@gmail.com).

Received:  5/01/2023          Accepted:18/05/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the village of Jediti in Tartous Governorate in the summer season of 2021, as this experiment included (12) treatments, consisting of overlapping the addition of four levels of mineral fertilizer (F0, F1, F2, F3), which are equivalent to (0,50,75 and 100%) of the fertilizer recommendation for maize, respectively. and three levels of local manufactured biochar from the pruning residues of citrus trees (B2, B1, B0), which are equivalent to (0, 1, 2%) by weight of the soil, respectively. In this soil, a crop of yellow corn, Ghouta 82, was planted. The results showed a positive effect of adding biochar alone or with mineral fertilization on the values of growth indicators for maize, Meanwhile the significant increase in plant wet and dry weight 468.3 and 129.3 g, plant height 186.07 cm, leaf surface index 3.33, ear length 24.73 cm, number of hairs per plant 2.22 area index t was observed when applied B₂F  compared with control B₀F₀.

Key wards:  Zea  mays,  Biochar, Mineral fertilizer, Recommended fertilizer equation.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zuheir Shater ^*(1) and Bassam AlSSaleh AlAbed ⁽²⁾

(1) . Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2) . Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Zuheir Shater, E.mail: zuheirshater@yahoo.com ).

Received: 12/01/2023         Accepted: 2/05/2023

Abstract: 

Plant biodiversity was studied during the period 2009-2022 in 10 circular samples of 400 m², in the regions of Qastal Maaf (Lattakia Governorate) and Al-Qadmus (Tartous Governorate) using several indicators such as Specific Richness, Shannon index, and Jacquard index, in terms of composition, structure, and functionality. Most indicators showed a positive trend in their values during the studied period, but most of the differences were not statistically significant. In terms of composition, the average specific richness increased from 34.8 ± 6 to 36.8 ± 0.2 species, and the Shannon index increased from 4.86 ± 0.3 bytes to 4.88 ± 0.3 bytes, and the Jacquard Similarity Index value reached 52.7% during the studied period. From a functional point of view, the arrangement of the proportions of life forms differed between the two years of the study, but the differences between the averages of these ratios were slight and non-significant except for the phanerophytes and Chamaephytes, while the dispersal patterns maintained the order of their ratios during the studied period without significant differences except for the dispersal model by ants (Mirmecochory(, which decreased significantly. From a structural point of view, the results showed a decrease in the average coverage of the grassy layer during the study period, while this average increased for the shrubby and trees layers, but these differences were not statistically significant. The study showed that the results could be affected by the studied temporal and spatial scale, and therefore suggested the need to continue evaluating these indicators on various temporal and spatial scales.

KeyWords: Compositional diversity, structural diversity, functional diversity, temporal scale, spatial scale.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Maisoon Ali ⁽¹⁾, Raouda Al Haj Khaled ⁽¹⁾ and Rita Mansour ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria

(2). Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,  Damascus University,  Qasyoun University for Science & Technology, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maisoon Ali. E-Mail maisoon1991@gmail.com).

Received:1/04/2023                   Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Abu Jarash farm in the College of Agriculture – Damascus University – Syria, in 2017, with the aim of studying the effect of loading Trifolium repens L. on the productivity of grass-fed mixtures in landscaping cultivation, in the spring and autumn seasons. The study was conducted on two types of plant mixtures, the first: the grass mixture consisting of Festuca arundinacea L., Poa pratensis L., and Lolium perenne L., and the second: the proposed mixture, which is the first mixture loaded with white clover. The experimental plots were subjected to two levels of nitrogen fertilization: the first was the level of fertilization normally used on cultivated green areas /N/, and the second was the first fertilization level in which the added nitrogen was reduced to 50%. Thus, we have 4 treatments and each treatment has 3 replicates; Grass mixture with /N/ fertilizer, proposed mixture with /N/ fertilizer, grass mixture with /N-50%/ fertilizer, proposed mixture with /N-50 %/ fertilizer. The results we obtained showed that the proposed mixture /N / was superior to the rest of the mixtures by green and dry weight in the spring and autumn seasons in terms of yield and weight.

Key words: white clover, Green weight, Dry weight, Landscapes.

Full paper in English: pdf

Dalal AL Ebrahim^(1)*, Hassan Aldin⁽¹⁾   and Muhmad  Manhal Alzobi ⁽²⁾   and Suzan Mohammad Abdullah⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dalal AL-ebrahim, E-Mail dalalabrahim22@gmail.com ).

Received: 20/03/2023         Accepted:30/04/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in (2018-2019), in Hama: Al-Ghab and Lattakia: Kassab. Experiment was applied on (1296) seeds of L.nobilis, according to (7) treatments, namely: (T1) the control, (T2) the cold-moist stratification (25 days), (T3) the cold-moist stratification (50) days, (T4) treated with gibberellic acid (1000) ppm, (T5) treated with gibberellic acid (3000) ppm, (6T) treated by mechanical scratching, (7T) treated with seed coat removed. The results showed that the treatment (T7) gave the highest percentage of germination (81.48-88.88)% in the two stations (Al-Ghab – Kassab), while the control treatment (T1) achieved the lowest germination rate (14.81-18.51)%. When studying germination indicators, treatment (T3) seeds of Kassab in Station (Al-Ghab) excelled in germination speed (21.29) seed/day and excelled in degree of homogeneity (2.62). seed/day over the rest of the treatments.

Keywords: Laurus nobilis L., Cold-moist stratification, Germination, Gibberellic acid (GA₃), Scarification mechanical.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Hassan Ali^*(1) Tharwat Ibrahim ⁽²⁾ , and Mahmoud asmar ⁽³⁾

(1). General commission for the administration and development of Al-Ghab, Al Ghab, Syria.

(2). Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University.

(3). Forest Department in Dreikish, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Hassan Ali, E-mail: hso414516@gmail.com)

Received: 9/11/2023           Accepted: 28/04/2023

Abstract: 

Estimating forest wood stocks is necessary and important for developing sustainable management plans for these forests. Form factor is one of the important factors to determine the exact volume of trees. This research was carried out in 2023 with the aim of calculating the true form factor and the natural and artificial form factors of Pinus brutia, then comparing them statistically at the 95% level of significance to determine the appropriate alternative to the true form factor, 10 trees of the Pinus brutia were randomly selected so that they were representative of all diameter classes present in the study area. Before cutting these trees, the diameter and height of each tree were measured, then these trees were cut, and the diameter of these trees was measured at a height of 0.1 and 0.5 of their total height. To calculate the actual volume, each tree was cut into small pieces 2-meter and then the diameter of the beginning and end of each piece was measured. Then the real form factor and the artificial (Non-Natural) and natural form factors were calculated using the appropriate equations. The results showed that the average real form factor, artificial form factor, and natural form factor were 0.54, 0.55, and 0.52, respectively. The results also indicated that there were no significant and statistical differences between the form factors studied, and therefore the natural and artificial form factors can be considered realistic alternatives to the real form factor.

Keywords: Real form factor, Non-Natural (Artificial) form factor, Natural form factor, Pinus brutia.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾ , Nizar Moualla⁽¹⁾, and Hasan Ebd Al-Gani Hasan ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 10/01/2023         Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

An experiment was carried out in the Qardaha region lands-Lattakia governorate, which is located 450 m above sea level during the 2022 agricultural season by cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings in experimental plots using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The research included the use of different concentrations of humic acid HA (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) and hydrogen peroxide (0, 9, 18, and 27 mmol) in order to study the effect of foliar spray treatments with humic acid, or hydrogen peroxide (HP), or spraying with humic acid and hydrogen peroxide together on some productivity and quality characters of local variety tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Plant height (cm), total leaf area (cm²), leaf area index (LAI)), productivity (fresh and dry leaves yield (kg/1000 m²), the total content of chlorophyll (µg/g FW), soluble sugars and nicotine % were measured. The results of the experiment showed that spraying treatments with humic acid (1 and 2 g/L), and with hydrogen peroxide (9 and 18 mM) led to a significant increase in probability (P<0.05) in most growth indicators, leaf yield, and quality, as the soluble sugars (%), increased and the nicotine (%) decreased in dry leaves. The spraying treatments of humic acid and peroxide together increased the values of growth, productivity, and quality parameters, when spraying with humic acid (1, 2, and 3 g/L) with hydrogen peroxide (9 and 18 mM). Thus, it can be concluded that spraying tobacco with humic acid at 1-3 g/L alone, or together with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 9-18 mM, or spraying with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 9-18 mM alone due to the increase in the dry leaf yield by about 20-57 % as compared to the control.

Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum L.; humic acid; hydrogen peroxide; Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾, Nizar Harba ⁽¹⁾ and Orwa Nahil Suleiman ^(1)*

(1). Crop Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author : Orwa Suleiman, E-mail :  aboalabd876@gmail.com)

Received: 3/01/2023           Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

During the seasonal season 2020-2021, five genotypes of sunflower were planted in Al-Ghab area, namely (Strain 90 (A), Strain 19 (B), Strain 9 (C), Strain 54 (D), Baladi cultivar (E), according to a cross-breeding program. Completely reciprocal and in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, with the aim of verifying the genetic energy of those studied genotypes (parents, single and reverse crosses), the degree of their genetic divergence, and determining the correlations for use in subsequent breeding programs to obtain high hybrid strength and improve sunflower yield in quantity and quality. The results indicated that the studied genotypes (parents, single crosses, and reverse crosses) differed significantly in all studied traits, and the disc space trait was characterized by its association with many traits in a positive and highly significant way, which indicates the possibility of improving these traits together at the same time, for parents and individual crosses. And the inverse of the characteristics of the amount of oil, the percentage of fertilization and the number of seeds per disc due to its positive and highly significant association with them. We also note the negative correlation found in the parents between the two traits of seed weight in the plant with the percentage of oil (r = -0.410) and single crosses (r = -0.092), and it became positive in reverse crosses (r = 0.462). The correlation was non-significant positive between seed weight and the amount of oil (r = 0.107) in the parents and significant positive between these two traits (r = 0.66^*) in single and inverse crosses (r = 0.894^**), also breaking the negative correlation found in the parents for the 100 weight trait. Seed with leaf area became positive for single and reverse crosses (r=0.302, r=0.221). The studied models (parents, single and reverse crosses) also differed in their genetic dimension, through their placement in different clusters and groups, and thus the possibility of using genes belonging to different groups (parents) for crossbreeding in order to obtain the highest values of hybrid strength, as well as cross-crossing in order to obtain paired crosses. .

Keywords: sunflower, correlation coefficient, genetic divergence, crossbreeds.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf