Rania Hasan ^(1)*, Mahmoud Ali ⁽¹⁾, Ali Ramadan ⁽²⁾ and Ola Merhej ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(3). General Authority for Remote Sensing, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Rania Hasan, e-mail: raniahsn1990@gmail.com).

Received: 4/04/2023           Accepted:7/06/2023

Abstract: 

The aim of this research is to study the distribution and spread of the Lebanese cedar trees, Cedrus libani A.Rich, in the Cedar – Fir protected area in the Slenfeh region in Syria, after the reserve suffered from a fire in 2020, which negatively affected the area of cedar natural spread. The squares method was adopted to count the number of trees. 10 squares were chosen on the eastern part and 3 squares on the southern part, where the spread of the cedar is concentrated. The numbers of all the trees spreading in the studied samples were counted, and the plant density in hectares and the relative abundance of the cedar and the associated forest species were calculated. The results showed that the relative abundance and density of Lebanese cedar per hectare on the southern part was the highest compared to the other species, as the relative abundance was 20.2% and the density was 883.33 trees per hectare. On the other hand, only Juniperus drupacea was superior in relative abundance and density to the Lebanese cedar on the eastern part of the reserve, as the density of the cedar reached 478.57 trees per hectare compared to 267.86 trees per hectare for the Lebanese cedar, with a relative abundance of 9.4%.

Keywords: Cedrus libani, Cedar – Fir protected area, Slenfeh, Syria, plant density per hectare, relative abundance.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Dalal AL Ebrahim⁽¹⁾ *,  Hassan Ala Aldin⁽¹⁾,  Muhmad  Manhal Alzobi⁽²⁾    and Lina Raya⁽³⁾

(1) . Department of ecology and forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,  Lattakia- Syria.

(2) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research – GCSAR- Damascus, Syria.

(3). Lecturer in the Department of Basic Sciences – Faculty of Agriculture – University of Aleppo.                                                      

(*Corresponding author: Dalal Yasin AL-ebrahim, E-Mail dalalabrahim22@gmail.com ).

Received :11/05/2023                  Accepted:9/07/2023

Abstract: 

 The study was conducted in the years (2018-2019) in different geographical locations in Syria (15) sites,  between Hama Governorate (Al-Ghab) and Lattakia (Kasab), with the aim of studying some morphological and phenological parameters of the naturally spreading   Laurus nobilis L. The results showed the following:   – There are significant differences between the morphological characteristics of the individuals in the studied sites, where the individual (Kb7) taken from the Al-Nabain site (Kasab) was significantly superior to the rest of the individuals in the morphological characteristics related to the length of the leaf (10.34)(cm) , leaf  width (4.96)( cm), neck length (1.44) (cm), leaf weight (0.57) g, leaf surface area (33.12)(cm²) -There is no genetic dimension between the studied individuals that belong to different geographical locations, but rather they are genetically close to an acceptable extent, with a genetic affinity value estimated between (0.93-0.99.(                                          

Kay words:  Cluster tree,  Syria,   Laurus nobolis ,  Morphological parameters, phenological parameters.  

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Ousama Radwan *⁽¹⁾  and Muhammad Ghazal ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of forestry and environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Ousama Radwan, E-mail: osamagr3@gmail.com )

Received: 4/04/2023                     Accepted:24/05/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted on Al-Abrash Riverbanks in Tartous Governorate in 2020. It aimed to assess the changes in the spread of riparian plants and their response to these changes caused by the construction of Al-Basel dam. In addition to inventorying and documenting encountered plant species. Three sites have been identified (riverbank before the dam – lake bank – riverbank after the dam) and studied using the systematic sampling method. The results of the study showed the following: 54 plant species (14 trees – 4 shrubs – 36 herbs) were recorded in the study sites. There are significant differences between the three studied sites in specific richness, especially between riverbanks before and after the dam. However, the differences caused by the dam were within the natural level of diversity found in the riparian plant community in the riverbanks before the dam. Some plant species with floating seeds (Typha latifolia L.) (Typha australis Schum, et Thonn) increased significantly on the riverbanks after the dam compared to the rest of the species. While the prevalence of tree species decreased significantly, especially species with seeds that don’t float on the water. The construction of Al-Basel Dam on the course of Al-Abrash River caused change in the nature of the riparian habitats, especially between the riverbanks before the dam and after the dam.

Keywords: Riparian plants, Riverbanks, Ai-Basel Dam, Al-Abrash River, Tartous.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾ Youssef  Mohammad ⁽¹⁾ and Oula Youssef ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 21/04/2023                      Accepted: 8/06/2023

Abstract: 

An The experiment was carried out at Al-Darouqiyat village in Lattakia governorate during the 2022 year, by the cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment. The research aimed to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization treatments (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) or foliar spraying with mannitol (0, 15, 30 and 45 g/L), or nitrogen fertilization and spraying with mannitol together on some growth characteristics and productivity and quality traits of the studied tobacco variety. Plant height (cm) and a number of morphological indicators (total leaf area (cm²), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (g/m²/day)), productivity (fresh and dry leaves yield (kg/1000 m²)) and quality (the content of dry leaves of phosphorus, soluble sugars, proteins, non-protein nitrogen and nicotine %) were measured. Nitrogen fertilization treatments, especially at rates 150 and 200 kg/ha, and spraying with mannitol (30 and 45 g/L) led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in most of the growth indicators and leaf yield, and the positive effect of mannitol on leaf quality was more noticeable compared to nitrogen fertilization. The nitrogen fertilization and mannitol spraying treatments together increased the values of growth, productivity and quality indicators, when using 100 kg /ha nitrogen with 45 g/L mannitol, and at most of the nitrogen treatments with 15 g/L mannitol. Thus, nitrogen fertilization of tobacco at 100 kg/ha with mannitol spraying at 45 g/L concentration, or fertilization at rates of 100-150-200 kg/ha with a spray concentration of 15 g/L mannitol, or spraying with mannitol at concentrations of 30-45 g/L are recommended due to their positive role in increasing the quantity and quality of leaf yield.

Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum L.; Nitrogen; Mannitol; Productivity; Quality.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Hossam El Din Khalasi⁽¹⁾,  Nizar Mualla⁽¹⁾  and Ghadeer Al Houshi ^{(1) *}

 (1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ghadeer Al Houshi, Email: ghadeerrafikalhoushi@gmail.com)

Received:12/04/2023                     Accepted:9/08/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the village of Jiboul in the countryside of Jableh city during the agricultural season 2021/2022, to study the effect of plant density on some growth characteristics of Rocket, a “local” variety, and it included two densities: 500,000 plants/ha (one plant in the hole), 1,000,000 plants/ha. (Two plants in the hole). The experiment was designed with a randomized complete block design with three replications, and the averages were compared using the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D) test at the 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the plant density in all the studied traits. The high density achieved the highest plant height (82.67 cm), while the low density was superior in terms of the number of branches per plant (4.33 branches), the number of leaves per plant (16.66 leaves), the leaf area (49.98 cm²), the wet weight (53.55 g) and the dry weight of the plant (7.43 g).

Keywords: Rocket, Eruca ,density, growth, dry weight.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Mualla⁽¹⁾ and Jaafar Ali^(1)*

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Jaafar Ali, Email: jaafaral3li@gmail.com)

Received:24/03/2023         Accepted:7/06/2023

Abstract: 

TThe study was conducted during the years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 on three species of Trigonella spp. (T. foenum- graecum, T. spinos, T. spicata), which are widespread wildly in some locations on the Syrian coast. Twenty-nine morphological characters of foliar, flowering, fruiting, and seed assemblies were used to study the morphological characterization of these species, and Morphological taxonomic keys were established. The data were organized into tables and analyzed, then a dendrogram representing the relationship of dissimilarity was constructed using NTSYS program through the UPGMA method. The morphological cluster tree for all types showed two main groups with a dissimilarity contrast ratio of 70%. The first group contained the species T. foenum- graecum from different locations (Al-Karama, Dweir babdah and Baamrael) with dissimilarity coefficient of 40%, while the second group was divided into two sub-groups with coefficient of 62%. Where the first sub-group contained the species T. spicata from (Al-Karamah and Dweir babdah), and the second sub-group included the species T. spinosa from (Al-Karama, Dweir babdah and Baamrael). This difference in variance ratios may be attributed to the influence of environmental factors on the studied characters.

Keywords: Trigonella spp., morphological characterization, cluster analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ola Kajo * ⁽¹⁾ and Rasha Al-Souda⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Ola Kajo,E-Mail:olakajo0932@yahoo.com, 0932663764).

                Received:30/03/2023         Accepted: 7/06/2023                                                     

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in Demsarkho region (Lattakia) during growing season 2022 in order to study the effect of  two plant spacing between plants (20  and 30 cm) and three  collecting dates of petals (when 50,100% flower heads were opened, and in the beginning of petals wilting) on some productive and qualitative characteristics of Safflower. The experiment was conducted using the Randomized complete blocks design with  with three replication. The results showed that the narrow plant spacing (20 cm) was superior in dry petals yield and seeds yield per unit of area (75.54 Kg/ha, 3721 Kg/ha respectively), whereas the highest percentage of oil in seeds  (30.50%) was recorded when planting at a spacing 30 cm between plants . For harvesting dates, the superiority of harvesting when petals wilting in seed yield per unit of area (4159 Kg/ha), and the percentage of oil in seeds. whereas, the highest yield of dry petals (79.8 Kg/ha) was recorded when  100% flower heads were opened, surpassing the other harvesting dates.  In addition, the results showed the interactive relation of the two study factors, the highest yield of seeds was recorded when planting at plant spacing (20 cm) and harvesting when petals wilting (4985 Kg/ha), while the highest yield of dry petals (89.7 Kg/ha) was obtained when planting at the same plant spacing but harvesting when 100% flower heads were opened .

Key words: Safflower , plant spacing ,  Harvesting petals dates , Seed Yield, petal yield, oil percentage.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmeen Gandour^(1)*, Ghassan Yacoub⁽¹⁾ and Ghassan Baddor ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria..

(*corresponding author: Yasmeen Gandour,  E-Mail: Yasmina gandour777@gmail.com).                                                                                             

Received:21/04/2023                              Accepted:12/06/2023    

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to identify the most important factors affecting the demand for citrus crop in Syria, and to estimate the demand function for it. Analytical, with the aim of presenting and organizing the data, and then analyzing it using some appropriate statistical indicators and programs such as SPSS. The results of the research showed that the production of citrus in Syria is sufficient to meet the need of local demand despite its fluctuation as a result of the crises and disasters that the country suffered during the previous years. 0.04- This means that an increase in the price of citrus by one unit leads to a decrease in the quantity demanded by 0.04, and this is consistent with economic theory, just as the relationship between the citrus crop and the banana crop is a reciprocal relationship because the value of the cross elasticity coefficient is 0.007 and its sign is positive, and this means that when the price of banana decreases, it decreases demand for citrus crops, In addition to the presence of a direct relationship between the per capita income and the required quantities of citrus, where the sign of the income elasticity of demand coefficient was positive and its value is 0.1, meaning that when the income increases by one unit, the demand increases by 0.1

Keywords: citrus yield, economic estimation, demand function, demand elasticities

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali F. Washam^(1)*

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, Iraq.

 (*corresponding author: Ali F. Washam Email: alif.altai@uokufa.edu.iq ).

Received:   26/12/2023                  Accepted:11/07/2024

Abstract: 

The introduction of scientific innovations in the field of animal production is necessary to achieve the best productivity, as it allows the best dealing with dairy cattle and their products, as modern technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence have a significant impact on the success of monitoring and analysis processes, and the development of distinct types of biosensors and communication protocols. Advanced technology has enabled the introduction of modern technologies in the management of dairy cattle through remote monitoring and decision-making based on data. It also achieves the best health monitoring through early detection of diseases, monitoring nutrition, animal care, monitoring milk cleanliness, and detecting predator attacks. It facilitates health monitoring of dairy cattle, as traditional diagnostic procedures require many workers and take a long time. This study discusses the importance of implementing a smart environmental system using advanced modern technologies in dairy cattle stations, to monitor the health of dairy cattle using advanced devices and robots.

Keywords: precision livestock farming, sensors, dairy cattle

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Adnan Al- Aloush *⁽¹⁾

(1). Directorate of Agriculture Deirzour, Al- Furat University, Deirzour, Syria

(* Corresponding author: Ali Adnan Aloush, E-Mail: ali83aloush8383@gmail.com, Phone: +963955275483)

Accepted: 15/10/2022                        Received:13/05/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of raising broiler chickens with different densities in the breeding area during the summer season on productive indicators. 2020, where all the experimental birds were subjected to the same environmental conditions, and the research was conducted using 180 chicks from broilers (commercial Ross hybrid). Respectively, all experimental chicks were given vaccinations and immunizations through drinking water according to the approved programs in the experiment. During the experiment, the average live weight, weight gain, average consumption of the amount of feed consumed, the feed conversion factor, and the mortality rate were calculated on a weekly basis. At the end of the experiment, the results showed a significant superiority of the first and second groups, which were raised With a density of 12 – 14 birds / m 2, respectively, the final results were as follows: For the average live weight 1967 – 1967 – 2011 g for the three groups, respectively, while the average feed consumption was (3727 – 3696 – 3685) g, respectively, and the feed conversion factor was 1.998 -1.987 – 1.916, respectively. As for the mortality rate, it was 9.11-11.43-13.66, respectively. Through these results, it was found that the differences were not significant between the first and second groups, while the differences were significant between the first and third groups.

Keywords: Broilers, Birds Density, Productivity Indicators, Mortality rate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf