Leen Mohammad^(1)* Rashid Kharbotli⁽²⁾ Yaser Hammad⁽²⁾

(1). the General Authority for Al-Ghab region Hama-Syria Management and Development, Ministry of Agriculture.

(2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Soil and Water Sciences – Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Leen Mohammad. E-mail: Leenmohammad4742@gmail.com Tel: 0947876715)

Received:11/05/2023                       Accepted: 26/07/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Al-Suqaylabiyah – Hama Governorate during two seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022), on trees of the Pistachio Ashouri variety that were about 25 years old. The aim was to study the effect of foliar spraying with some microelements on the productivity and quality of their fruits. The experiment was designed according to complete randomization blocks using 8 treatments and three replicates for each treatment, with an average of one tree per experimental plot. The results showed that the foliar spraying of some microelements contributed to increasing the amount of production and improving the quality of fruits. The treatment of spraying with (Zinc Sulfate 1000 ppm with Ferrous Sulfate 300 ppm) or Zinc Sulfate 1000 ppm were significantly superior to the remaining treatments in high-productivity. The treatments of spraying Copper Sulfate 200 ppm, or Zinc Sulfate 1000 ppm or Ferrous Sulfate 300 ppm had the highest percentage of cracked fruits (89.84 – 89.39 -89.20%) respectively, and the lowest percentage of empty fruits (11.41-11.71-11.52)% respectively, while the effect of spraying was not significant on the percentage of fruit extraction.

Key words: pistachio, foliar spray, yield, fruits characteristics, microelements.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar  nbeaa ^*(1) Ali  Dib⁽¹⁾ and Ali  Elkhateeb⁽²⁾

(1).Horticulture Department, Agriculture College Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar  Nbeaa. E-Mail: ammar.nbeaa1991@gmail.com ).

Received:5/04/2023             Accepted:10/08/2023

Abstract: 

>The study was carried out during (2020 and 2021) at Setkhiris village which belonging to the countryside of Lattakia Governorate, in citrus orchard containing (24) trees of clementine at the age of 28 years old and grafted on citrumelo as root stock, to study the impact of foliar spray with mixture of macronutrients (N,P,K) , mixture of micronutrients (Fe,B,Mg,Zn) and citric acid , on the physical and chemical properties of clementine, The results showed that the treatments significantly raised fruit volum and the percent of juice compared to the control, at treatment of multi fertilization with mixture of macronutrients, and citric acid spray achieved the highest fruit weight (92.07g) and the highest fruit size(107.5 cm3). mixture of macronutrients, mixture of micronutrients and citric acid treatments gave best results of total soluble solids(11.12%) and The highest value of vitamin C in fruit juice (46.64mg/100ml).

Key words : productive qualities, clementine, citrumelo, Spray on the shoots, Fruit quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Othman Khalid Alwan^*(1) and Shahad Mohammed Turki ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design. College of Agriculture. Diyala University. Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Othman  Alwan. E-Mail: athman56@yahoo.com)

Received:10/05/2024                    Accepted:13/08/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture in Diyala for the seasons (2021-2022) and (2022-2023), where eleven strains of cherry tomatoes were imported from the Tomato Genetic Resources Center (TGRS) at the University of California and the Davis Institute and planted in the first season..  pure tomato lines (LA2838, LA3002, LA4355, LA0797, LA7371, LA4451) and their codes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) were chosen respectively and entered into the half-cross breeding program to produce individual hybrids, and in the season The second included an experiment to evaluate the genotypes (6 parents, 15 hybrids) according to the split-plot system, in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates, and spraying with boron at a concentration of (0, 100 mg.L^-1). The results showed that there were significant differences with spraying with boron, as the parent showed LA2838 ( 1) It was superior in the number of leaves, fruit length, number of total fruits, and production per plant. Father LA4451 (6) showed superiority in the number of leaves, Father (5) LA7371 showed superiority in the set percentage, and Father LA0797 (4) showed superiority in the number of branches with spray levels. With boron at a rate of 100 mg.L^˗ˡ. As for the hybrids, they showed significant superiority in characteristics, including the number of leaves, the number of branches, plant production, the percentage of knots, the number of fruits, and the length of the fruit, respectively, for the hybrids (6×1), [3×1], (5×3)], and (5×3). ) and (5×2) and (2×1) and (4×2). The hybrids showed [(6×1) and (4×1)[ and (6×4) and (4×2) and] (2×1) and (3×1) [and (6×1)] and (5×2) and [(3×4) and (×42) and (2×1) [overlap in the level of boron spraying at concentration 100 It was superior in moral characteristics in the number of leaves, the number of branches, the length of the fruit, the number of total fruits, the percentage of knots, and plant production.

Keywords: spraying with boron,  Hybrids, Cherry Tomato.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Seham Wannous^*(1), Abd Al Mohsen Marie ⁽²⁾, Basima ALkasawat ⁽²⁾ Roua Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ali Dayyoub ⁽¹⁾ Reema Barhoum ⁽¹⁾, Lilian Dayyoub ⁽¹⁾ Ali Nsair ⁽¹⁾, Sandy Zaini ⁽¹⁾

(1).AL-Jmmaseh Research Station, Scientific Agricultural Researches Center of Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Tartous, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

  (*Corresponding author: Seham Wannous.E-Mail: sehamwannous8@ gmail.com).              

Received: 10/04/2023                     Accepted:4/09/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at Al-Jmmaseh Research Station Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, for three excessive seasons during 2018- 2020, in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications to study and evaluate  5 inbred lines of small fruit eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) originally derived from populations of introduced hybrids spread in local farming, by applying Pure line selection for six generations, depending on selection indices such as fruit color-shape-productivity… and a foreign control for comparison, aiming to produce F1 hybrids from promising parental lines. Analysis of variance using Genstate 12 statical analysis program showed significant differences among the means squares for most studied traits lines and the control, in addition to clear differences in other fruit characters like color which graduated from white-tinted violet (line ES7) to black (line ES4) .The highest calyx coverage percentage was recorded in the control ES6 (49.85%) followed by line ES7 (47.14 %) while line ES3 recorded the lowest percentage 31.11%.The highest plant was noticed in the control ES6(122.7cm) while  lines  graduated from 90.53 cm (line ES4) to 94.91 cm (line ES5) insignificantly . Significant differences were detected in plant yield trait between line ES3(5.51 kg) followed by line ES4(4.88kg)and the control ES6(4.64kg), while line ES2 had the lowest yield (4.26 kg), Therefore, they can be considered promising lines and can be used in a hybridization program to produce F1 hybrids.

  Key Words: eggplant, selection, inbred lines, evaluation, Analysis of variance.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Osama Alabdalla⁽¹⁾, Rawaa Albabilie^(1)* and Roula Bathoush⁽¹⁾ and Ramiz Hammady ⁽²⁾ and Loutfi Joureh⁽³⁾

(1). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Al-Ghab Research Center, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Damascus Countryside Research Center, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa Albabilie, E-Mail: rawaababilie@gmail.com).

Received: 13/06/2023                 Accepted: 10/08/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in General Commission for Agricultural Research, Taiba Research Station with the aim of studying the response of the red local onions variety to different concentrations and doses of mutagens (in two stages; the stage of planting seeds to produce sets and the stage of cultivating sets to produce bulbs). The Seeds were irradiated with five doses of Co 60 gamma rays (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 Gray), and they were treated with chemical mutagens, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) at concentrations (0.10, 0.20, 0.30%), and sodium azide (SA). At concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5%) by soaking the seeds for /6/ hours, the experiment was designed according to the complete randomized design with (4 replicates) for each treatment. The results showed that the response of the red local onions variety to the effect of the dose (60 Gray) of gamma radiation was higher compared to the other applied doses, due to its positive (stimulating) effect on the vegetative characteristics, and this was reflected positively on its productive indicators of sets and bulbs (1.975, 1.935 kg/m2, respectively), which had  significant difference compared with the rest of the treatments and the control (1.230, 1.333 kg/m2, respectively), and the results indicate that in relation to chemical mutagens, low concentrations positively stimulated vegetative growth indicators, and they gradually decreased with the increasing concentration.

Keywords: ethyl methane sulfonate, ma radiation, onion, sodium azide.   

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan Othman^(1)*

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty Of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia,Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Jenan    Othma, E-mail : jenan.othman@gmail.com, 0955205560.)

Received: 10/04/2023             Accepted: 24/05/2023

Abstract: 

 A field experiment was carried out at Tishreen University garden nursery Lattakia, during the two successive spring seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, to study the effect of spraying of Zn, Cu and (Zn+Cu) on vegetative growth, yield and tubers quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Spunta. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results showed  a positive effect of foliar application with Zn and Cu of all vegititave growth characters and production of potato plants. the highest values of the leaf area/plant , L.A.index, plant length , tuber number,  medium tuber , dray matter,  starch , v.c and arch were associated with spraying of  Zn treatment in which the means expressed as  17169 cm2/plant, 5.94cm²/cm², 71.6 cm,15.23 tuber per plant, 217g/plant, 20.51%, 14.29%, 15.89mg%, 6.54% consequently, while the highest values of  big tuber production of plant 1635g/plant , average weight tuber 139.9 g were fond at tretmeant ( Zn+Cu) compared to control.

Keywords: Potato , Zn, Cu, Yield, Growth, Quality .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amjad  Alsamra^(1)*, Yaser Hamad⁽²⁾, and Mitiady Boras⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2) Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amjad Wahib Alsamra, E-Mail: amjadalsamra444@gmail.com , Mobile: 0988466799 ).

Received: 6/06/2023            Accepted: 2/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out within an agricultural field in the Al-Haffa region (Lattakia Governorate) during the spring season of the 2022 agricultural season. The research aimed to study the effect of each of seaweed extract (Alga600) and the bacterial biofertilizer consisting of the following bacterial species (Azotobacter chroococcom, Frateuria aurantia, Bacillus megaterium, Rhizobium leguminosarum) on the growth and production of summer squash ‘Philla F1 hybrid’.The study included four treatments: control (untreated plants), plants sprayed with seaweed extract, plants inoculated with bacterial biofertilizer once and plants inoculated with bacterial biofertilizer twice.In the implementation of the research, the complete random block system was followed, with three replications for one treatment, at a rate of /15/ plants per treatment.The results showed the positive effect of both inoculation with bacterial fertilizer and spraying with seaweed extract on growth and productivity of summer squash plant.The treatment of foliar spraying with seaweed extract was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments and achieved the best results compared with the control.The plant height was (74.3) cm, the number of plant leaves was (34.7) leaves/plant, the leaf area was (11902) cm2/plant, and the leaf area index was (3.30). This was reflected positively in the productivity indicators, as the previous treatment recorded the highest values in the number of fruits (19.6) fruits/plant, plant production (2359.2) g/plant, and a production efficiency of (39.2%).

Keywords: squash (Cucurbita Pepo.L), bacterial biofertilizers, seaweed extract(Alga600), indicators of vegetative growth, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ibrahim Mhanna^(1)* Yaser Hamad⁽¹⁾  and   Mitiady Boras⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ibrahim akram Mhanna E-mail. ibrahim.lattakia.93@gmail.com).

Received: 4/07/2023           Accepted: 10/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to test the effectiveness of inoculation with Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on some biochemical indicators of the Emerald F1 eggplant hybrid. The research was carried out in Lattakia countryside (Al Maghrit village) during the spring season for the two agricultural seasons 2021 and 2022. The study included four treatments: control, un-inoculated plants (T1), plants inoculated with a suspension of the first bacterial fertilizer (T2), plants inoculated with a second suspension of bacterial fertilizer (T3), and plants inoculated with a suspension of the third bacterial fertilizer (mixed fertilization) (T4). In the implementation of the research, a randomized complete block design was adopted, with three replicates for one treatment, at a rate of (15) plants in one replicate. The study showed that the best results were achieved when inoculating with a bacterial suspension from the third fertilizer (mixed fertilizer), where the plants vaccinated with this suspension were significantly superior to the rest of the treatments (plants vaccinated with a suspension from the first and second fertilizer) in the leaf content of essential nutrients (N, P, K). And in their total chlorophyll content, The plants inoculated with this suspension recorded the highest values ​​for nitrogen (39.7 mg/g dry weight), phosphorus (6.88 mg/g dry weight), potassium (235.4 mg/g dry weight), and total chlorophyll content (3.3 mg/g fresh weight).The results also showed that the pollination of bacterial suspension from this (mixed) fertilizer affected the quality of the fruits, as it recorded the highest values ​​in dry matter content (8.6%), total soluble solids (5.48%), protein (1.27%), and fiber (0.93%) vs. 6.8%, 4.1%, 0.86%, and 0.69%, respectively, in the fruits of control plants.

Keywords: eggplant, Solanum melongena L., Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, biochemical indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Heba Meary *⁽¹⁾,  Akram al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾  and Mohammed al-Azm⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering,  Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Heba  Meary. E-Mai: hibameary@gmail.com, phone: 0930045657l).

Received: 21/06/2023         Accepted: 9/08/2023

Abstract: 

In this research, I used two varieties of fresh French sweet and sour pomegranate fruits collected from the local market of Aleppo city. Some of the physicochemical properties of pomegranate juice obtained from the two mentioned varieties were studied (the percentage of sugars, the percentage of acidity, the amount of phenols, the amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the percentage of ash, pH, and the percentage of dissolved solids), and it was found that there are significant differences between the two varieties as French pomegranate juice surpassed the Municipal in the ratio of sugars, dissolved solids and phenols. And the municipal juice surpasses the French in the percentage of acidity and the amount of ascorbic acid. The German juice of the two studied varieties was condensed using two methods, the first was the traditional method (Boiling with open vessels), the second under vacuum at a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius and pressure (-500 mm bar), then the same physicochemical properties were studied that were studied in the juice.when comparing the results of the two methods for the studied varieties, the superiority of the results in 1.96±63.27 and 1.73±60) respectively for the French variety, as well as for phenols where in the under-discharge method they outperformed the vessel method The open Variety reached (26.73±1997.7 and 9.17±1518) mg gallic acid/100 g, respectively, for the French variety, while the percentage of acidity in the municipal variety increased by an open-vessel method of unloading, reaching (0.41±10.07 and 0.14±9.38%, respectively, as well as the municipal variety exceeded its vitamin C content by an open-vessel method of unloading, reaching (0.40±4.80 and 0.61±4.67) mg/100g, respectively, based on the foregoing, it was found that pomegranate molasses manufactured by vacuum technology preserved its physicochemical qualities to a better degree than in open vessels, so it is advisable to thicken pomegranate juice according to this method.

Keywords: Pomegrante Juice,  Pomegranate Molass, Vacuum, French variety, Sour  variety, Phenols.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf                   

Manal ALkhalil^(1)*

(1). College of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, ALBaath University , Homs, Syria.

 (*Corresponding Author: ManalALkhalil, Email: manal.khalil1233@gmail.com)

Received:1/06/2023            Accepted:27/08/2023

Abstract: 

Bread is considered the main source of food in many countries of the world, and with the increasing demand to improve the quality of Arabic bread and improve its sensory quality, This research was carried out in the Bread and Pastry Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs during March 2022. Flour was replaced wheat with soybean flour at rates of 10%, 15% and 20%. The Chemical analyses showed an increase in the percentage of protein when adding soybean flour, and it was the highest percentage when adding it by 20%. It also showed a significant improvement in the Rheological properties of the samples to which soybean flour was added, while the samples to which Soybean flour was added excelled in taste, smell, and layer separation

Key words: Arabic bread, Soybean flour, Wheat flour, Sensory quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf