Jenan Othman^(1)*

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty Of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia,Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Jenan    Othma, E-mail : jenan.othman@gmail.com, 0955205560.)

Received: 10/04/2023             Accepted: 24/05/2023

Abstract: 

 A field experiment was carried out at Tishreen University garden nursery Lattakia, during the two successive spring seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, to study the effect of spraying of Zn, Cu and (Zn+Cu) on vegetative growth, yield and tubers quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Spunta. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results showed  a positive effect of foliar application with Zn and Cu of all vegititave growth characters and production of potato plants. the highest values of the leaf area/plant , L.A.index, plant length , tuber number,  medium tuber , dray matter,  starch , v.c and arch were associated with spraying of  Zn treatment in which the means expressed as  17169 cm2/plant, 5.94cm²/cm², 71.6 cm,15.23 tuber per plant, 217g/plant, 20.51%, 14.29%, 15.89mg%, 6.54% consequently, while the highest values of  big tuber production of plant 1635g/plant , average weight tuber 139.9 g were fond at tretmeant ( Zn+Cu) compared to control.

Keywords: Potato , Zn, Cu, Yield, Growth, Quality .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amjad  Alsamra^(1)*, Yaser Hamad⁽²⁾, and Mitiady Boras⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2) Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amjad Wahib Alsamra, E-Mail: amjadalsamra444@gmail.com , Mobile: 0988466799 ).

Received: 6/06/2023            Accepted: 2/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out within an agricultural field in the Al-Haffa region (Lattakia Governorate) during the spring season of the 2022 agricultural season. The research aimed to study the effect of each of seaweed extract (Alga600) and the bacterial biofertilizer consisting of the following bacterial species (Azotobacter chroococcom, Frateuria aurantia, Bacillus megaterium, Rhizobium leguminosarum) on the growth and production of summer squash ‘Philla F1 hybrid’.The study included four treatments: control (untreated plants), plants sprayed with seaweed extract, plants inoculated with bacterial biofertilizer once and plants inoculated with bacterial biofertilizer twice.In the implementation of the research, the complete random block system was followed, with three replications for one treatment, at a rate of /15/ plants per treatment.The results showed the positive effect of both inoculation with bacterial fertilizer and spraying with seaweed extract on growth and productivity of summer squash plant.The treatment of foliar spraying with seaweed extract was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments and achieved the best results compared with the control.The plant height was (74.3) cm, the number of plant leaves was (34.7) leaves/plant, the leaf area was (11902) cm2/plant, and the leaf area index was (3.30). This was reflected positively in the productivity indicators, as the previous treatment recorded the highest values in the number of fruits (19.6) fruits/plant, plant production (2359.2) g/plant, and a production efficiency of (39.2%).

Keywords: squash (Cucurbita Pepo.L), bacterial biofertilizers, seaweed extract(Alga600), indicators of vegetative growth, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ibrahim Mhanna^(1)* Yaser Hamad⁽¹⁾  and   Mitiady Boras⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ibrahim akram Mhanna E-mail. ibrahim.lattakia.93@gmail.com).

Received: 4/07/2023           Accepted: 10/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to test the effectiveness of inoculation with Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on some biochemical indicators of the Emerald F1 eggplant hybrid. The research was carried out in Lattakia countryside (Al Maghrit village) during the spring season for the two agricultural seasons 2021 and 2022. The study included four treatments: control, un-inoculated plants (T1), plants inoculated with a suspension of the first bacterial fertilizer (T2), plants inoculated with a second suspension of bacterial fertilizer (T3), and plants inoculated with a suspension of the third bacterial fertilizer (mixed fertilization) (T4). In the implementation of the research, a randomized complete block design was adopted, with three replicates for one treatment, at a rate of (15) plants in one replicate. The study showed that the best results were achieved when inoculating with a bacterial suspension from the third fertilizer (mixed fertilizer), where the plants vaccinated with this suspension were significantly superior to the rest of the treatments (plants vaccinated with a suspension from the first and second fertilizer) in the leaf content of essential nutrients (N, P, K). And in their total chlorophyll content, The plants inoculated with this suspension recorded the highest values ​​for nitrogen (39.7 mg/g dry weight), phosphorus (6.88 mg/g dry weight), potassium (235.4 mg/g dry weight), and total chlorophyll content (3.3 mg/g fresh weight).The results also showed that the pollination of bacterial suspension from this (mixed) fertilizer affected the quality of the fruits, as it recorded the highest values ​​in dry matter content (8.6%), total soluble solids (5.48%), protein (1.27%), and fiber (0.93%) vs. 6.8%, 4.1%, 0.86%, and 0.69%, respectively, in the fruits of control plants.

Keywords: eggplant, Solanum melongena L., Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, biochemical indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Heba Meary *⁽¹⁾,  Akram al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾  and Mohammed al-Azm⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering,  Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Heba  Meary. E-Mai: hibameary@gmail.com, phone: 0930045657l).

Received: 21/06/2023         Accepted: 9/08/2023

Abstract: 

In this research, I used two varieties of fresh French sweet and sour pomegranate fruits collected from the local market of Aleppo city. Some of the physicochemical properties of pomegranate juice obtained from the two mentioned varieties were studied (the percentage of sugars, the percentage of acidity, the amount of phenols, the amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the percentage of ash, pH, and the percentage of dissolved solids), and it was found that there are significant differences between the two varieties as French pomegranate juice surpassed the Municipal in the ratio of sugars, dissolved solids and phenols. And the municipal juice surpasses the French in the percentage of acidity and the amount of ascorbic acid. The German juice of the two studied varieties was condensed using two methods, the first was the traditional method (Boiling with open vessels), the second under vacuum at a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius and pressure (-500 mm bar), then the same physicochemical properties were studied that were studied in the juice.when comparing the results of the two methods for the studied varieties, the superiority of the results in 1.96±63.27 and 1.73±60) respectively for the French variety, as well as for phenols where in the under-discharge method they outperformed the vessel method The open Variety reached (26.73±1997.7 and 9.17±1518) mg gallic acid/100 g, respectively, for the French variety, while the percentage of acidity in the municipal variety increased by an open-vessel method of unloading, reaching (0.41±10.07 and 0.14±9.38%, respectively, as well as the municipal variety exceeded its vitamin C content by an open-vessel method of unloading, reaching (0.40±4.80 and 0.61±4.67) mg/100g, respectively, based on the foregoing, it was found that pomegranate molasses manufactured by vacuum technology preserved its physicochemical qualities to a better degree than in open vessels, so it is advisable to thicken pomegranate juice according to this method.

Keywords: Pomegrante Juice,  Pomegranate Molass, Vacuum, French variety, Sour  variety, Phenols.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf                   

Manal ALkhalil^(1)*

(1). College of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, ALBaath University , Homs, Syria.

 (*Corresponding Author: ManalALkhalil, Email: manal.khalil1233@gmail.com)

Received:1/06/2023            Accepted:27/08/2023

Abstract: 

Bread is considered the main source of food in many countries of the world, and with the increasing demand to improve the quality of Arabic bread and improve its sensory quality, This research was carried out in the Bread and Pastry Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs during March 2022. Flour was replaced wheat with soybean flour at rates of 10%, 15% and 20%. The Chemical analyses showed an increase in the percentage of protein when adding soybean flour, and it was the highest percentage when adding it by 20%. It also showed a significant improvement in the Rheological properties of the samples to which soybean flour was added, while the samples to which Soybean flour was added excelled in taste, smell, and layer separation

Key words: Arabic bread, Soybean flour, Wheat flour, Sensory quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reham Hasan * ⁽¹⁾ , Mohammed Massri ⁽¹⁾ and Abdul HakimAzizieh ⁽²⁾

(1).Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria. 

(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. 

(*Corresponding author:  Reham Hasan, Email: reham.hasan1994@gmail.com).

Received: 30/07/2023         Accepted:27/06/2023

Abstract: 

Four formulations of fresh veal sausages were prepared by adding different proportions of aqueous extract of rosemary plant (1.5-1-0.5%) in addition to the control, with the aim of studying the effect of this addition on the chemical composition, microbial content, and physical properties of the fresh sausages stored under refrigeration at a temperature of 4 ± 1°C for a period of 15 days, followed by studying the sensory characteristics of the cooked manufactured sausages. The addition of the aqueous extract led to an increase in moisture content (65.21%) and an increase in pH value (6.77) in the treated formulations at the end of storage. Meanwhile, the protein content decreased to 19.54% and the total fat content decreased to 13.4% due to microbial and enzymatic activity in all studied formulations. Hardness values decreased during storage in a non-significant manner. There were no statistically significant differences in water activity values among all the studied formulations. Changes in the color of the manufactured sausages were observed, as indicated by a decrease in L* values and an increase in b* values. No significant differences were observed in the a* values in the formulations treated with extracts, and it was noted that they decreased during the refrigerated storage period. The use of rosemary extract resulted in a reduction in the overall bacterial count, yeast and mold count, and the growth of Pseudomonas ssp. No growth of Listeria ssp. and Salmonella ssp. bacteria was recorded in these formulations during the refrigerated storage period. In sensory evaluation, the control sample outperformed, and there were significant differences in values among the samples. Therefore, this extract can be utilized at a concentration of 0.5% to extend the shelf life of sausages and maintain quality characteristics during refrigerated storage.

Keywords: Fresh sausages, rosemary, processed meats, physical and chemical analysis, microbial activity. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Duaa Alghada⁽¹⁾ , Basima Alcheikh⁽²⁾ and Zuheir Shater⁽²⁾

(1). Roads Department, Technical Services Directorate, Lattakia, Syria   

(2). Forestry and Ecology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Duaa alghada,  E-Mail: duahgd7@gmail.com).

Received:  16/03/2023        Accepted: 31/05/2023

Abstract: 

The study was carried out in 2021-2022. It aimed to identify non-timber forest products (NTFPs), their uses by local communities, and the most important species for these communities in the Lattakia region. Data were collected through direct interviews with the local population (300 people). Non-wood products were divided into plant products, animal products, honey and its products, extractive products, carvings, handicrafts and other services.The number of plant species mentioned by the local population was 113 species, of which edible plants represented 44.25%, medicinal plants 48.67%, while species with other uses represented 7.8%. Cichorium intybus and Eryngium creticum were the most widely used edible plant species, according to the RFC index (0.75), while Origanium syriacum was the most used medicinal plant, RFC (0.7). Turdus sp was the most hunting RFC (0.5), and among mammals Sus scrofa lybics and Lepus capensis syriaca RFC (0.22). The study showed that beekeeping and honey production are important resources for the local population. Extractive products are of interest to the people of the region, especially women. The goals of collection varied from obtaining food, medicine, energy,  and income to benefiting from cultural services. The study indicated that the local population had significant traditional Ecological knowledge (TEK) about these products and their uses acquired from various sources, especially parents and grandparents.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Menos Asaad^(1)*  Malek Oumran⁽²⁾ , Nouraldin Daher Hjaij⁽¹⁾ and Khalil Moukayees⁽²⁾

(1). General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Menos asaad ,  E-Mail: menos.asaad@hotmail.com).

Received:  13/04/2023        Accepted: 19/07/2023

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in the apiary of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Latakia in June 2022 on twelve bee colonies with a strength of eight combs. Each assay was repeated three times with an interval of 24 hours in order to evaluate the defensive behavior of honeybee hybrid colonies using three assays (ball, flag, testing honeybee colony). The results of ball assay indicated that the average time for the first sting ranged between 9.66 and 39.33 seconds, and one colony needed only 18.66 seconds to become aggressive, while another colony exceeded one minute (69 seconds) to become aggressive without leaving any stinging needles in the tester’s gloves. The pursuit distance does not exceed 1m. The difference in the results between the colonies is due to the genetic mixing resulting from the introduction of foreign bees and queens. The colonies have also shown similar defensive behavior with regard to flag assay, with no significant differences between the two assays for the same colony. As for their evaluation according to the Ruttner scale, the tested colonies ranged from very aggressive to medium aggressive, and all assays were able to separate between colonies to assess their defensive behavior.

Keywords: Honeybee colonies, defensive behavior, ball assay, flag assay, Syria

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zeina. Sadeq. Bddour^(1)*, Ali. Mohamed. Ramadhan⁽²⁾ and Eyad. Mohamed. Mohamed⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Division, Directorate of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture ,Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Zeina Baddour, :  Zenabadr80@gMail. com).

Received:  30/03/2023        Accepted: 21/06/2023

Abstract: 

The endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of the most important parasites that attack Cabbage Large Butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) The samples of both parasitoid and insects were collected from cabbage fields in AL-Bassa region in Lattakia Governorate. Biological characteristics of C. glomerata were studied on the larval stage of P. brassicae which reared on three different host plants: White cabbage, Cauliflower and Broccoli. These characteristics included: duration of life cycle, adult fitness: fertility, mortality, longevity, Sex ratio and percentage of parasitism, in addition to the relationship of dry weight of adults with fertility. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions (temperature 25±2°C, relative humidity 60±5%, light period (day: night) 16:8 h), in Insects Laboratory of the Department of biological Control in Lattakia Directorate Agriculture during the 2021-2022 season. The results showed that the host plant has a direct impact on the biological characteristics of C. glomerata. Fertility varied depending on the plant species, recording the highest percentage 78.33 % on the white cabbage comparing to 75.66 and 69.24 on Cauliflower and Broccoli. In addition to the difference in the duration of life cycle on the three hosts 23.96,  21.14 and 18.8 on White cabbage, Cauliflower and Broccoli respectively, the rates of parasitization were changed to 70.35% on the broccoli host compared to 90.25 % on white cabbage, and therefore according to the results of this study, white cabbage is the most suitable host plant for rearing the C. glomerata on larvae of P. brassicae under laboratory conditions.

Keywords: Cotesia glomerata. Pieris brassicae. Biological characters. Host plant.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Marah Iskander*⁽¹⁾ Naeema Ajeeb⁽²⁾ and Samir Shamsham⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Environment, College of Civil Engineering, Al-Baath University

(2). Scientific Supervisor, , Department of Environment, College of Civil Engineering, Al-Baath University

(3). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, College of Agriculture, Al-Baath University

(*Corresponding author: Marah Iskander E-mail: Maraheskandar00@gmail.com)

Received: 18/05/2023         Accepted: 20/06/2023

Abstract: 

The research aims to reduce the concentration of cadmium in the soil of Wadi Rabia – the village of Duhairij, which is contaminated with cadmium due to the discharge of industrial wastewater from the Hasya Industrial City, southwest of Homs. The research was conducted at the Environmental Engineering Laboratory- Faculty of Civil Engineering – University of Al-Baath. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 30 cm, 250 meters away well number 8 for drinking water. The soil was then treated using distilled water, 0.1 M sodium oxalate, a mixture of 0.1M sodium oxalate and 0.1M EDTA, and tap water. Two washing methods were used: non-magnetic solutions and magnetic solutions, with three pollution concentrations (8-12-16) ppm soil to solution ratio (1:10). The effectiveness of each solution in removing cadmium was compared in terms of the impact of pollution concentration, washing method, and individual solution, as well as the combined effect of all three variables. The results confirmed that, compared to the control for the first concentration level,  and for tap water solutions, the magnetic mixture was more effective in removing cadmium at the first concentration (8ppm), with significance compared to the other treatments. The percentage of cadmium removal from the soil decreased with increasing pollution concentration when using the same washing solution, while distilled water with magnetism removed the lowest rate of cadmium compared to the other solutions.

Keywords: Cadmium, Hasya district, Industrial drainage, Soil washing, Sodium oxalate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf