Wassim Mayya* ⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wassim Mayya, Email: wassim.mayya@damascusuniversity.edu.sy  ,      phone: 0936007810 ).

Received:25/09/2023                                  Accepted:19/12/2023

Abstract: 

This study, included the feeding of Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana,1849 ) of crustacean zooplankton (Calanoida), by studying the structure of the Mandible and the gut content of this previous species to determine its favorite food.  76 samples have been collected vertically in period between March and October 2021. The samples were also accompanied with different hydrophysical and hydrochemical measurements in three regions that differ from each other with their environmental properties. The number of members of (C.arcuicornis ) that were studied reached (61) individuals, of which (42) are female and (19) are male. On the other hand, studying its mandible structure, and knowing the content of the gut of the aforementioned species helped in expanding knowledge about the conditions and strategies of feeding it under the influence of environmental factors. The number of algae species (phytoplankton) that C.arcuicornis  fed reached (7) species, of which (4) belong to the Dinophyceae, (2) species to Bacillariophyceae earth, and (1) only one species to the group Cryptophyceae. The highest average number of Dinophyceae was (1500), followed by Bacillariophyceae (420) individuals, then the group of Cryptophyceae (140) individuals.

Keywords: Feeding, Mandible, Gut Content, Hydrophysical And Hydrochemical Measurements.

Full Paper in English: pdf

Laila Alloush^{(1) (2)}*, Sabah AL-Maghribi⁽¹⁾, Basima Barhom⁽³⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattkia, Syria,

(2). GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Researcher. Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Laila Alloush, E-Mail: engineerlaela@gmail.com)

Received: 30/08/2023         Accepted: 1/11/2023

Abstract: 

This research aimed to study the effect of salicylic acid on development of infection with races 0 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris on chickpea cultivar Ghab4. Studying the antifungal antagonism of salicylic acid for races through Poisoned Food Technique, ten concentrations were prepared from 1 to 2000 µg/ml on PDA, the inhibition percentage was calculated. The half-field experiment was carried out under the natural conditions of Al-Ghab region at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center, 2021, with a Complete Random Block Design with three replications and three treatments: seed coating, seed soaking, and spraying the plants with salicylic acid in addition to the control. The percentage and severity of infection were recorded on plants at the age of 80 days. The results showed an increase in the percentage of inhibition by increasing the concentration of salicylic acid in PDA culture, the two concentrations of 1000 and 1500 µg/ml completely inhibited the actinic growth of races 0 and 2 (respectively). The use of salicylic acid was not highly effective in reducing the percentage and severity of infection resulting from infection with race0, while the soaking had significant differences over each of the spraying and coating, followed by the spraying with significant differences with the control infected with race2.

Key words:Ghab4 cultivar, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, salicylic acid, race0, race2, AL-Ghab.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Alaa Khalil^(1)*, Issam Allaf⁽²⁾, Qusai al-Rehiyeh⁽³⁾ and Ibrahim Al-Obied⁽²⁾

(1). GCSAR- Hamah research center , GCSAR, Syria.

(2). Department of plant protection, University of Tishreen, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). GCSAR,  Lattakia Research Center, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Alaa Khalil, E-Mail: lolot5640b@gmail.com, Mobile, 0938446652).

Received: 7/07/2023            Accepted: 19/12/2023

Abstract: 

The current study was conducted during the season (2021-2022 In the fields of al-Ghab Research Center in order to determine the effect of two different planting dates on the appearance of blight on the black cumin plant (Nigella sativa) and the plant’s susceptibility to the disease. The survey included (12) fields. The cultivation took place on two different dates (1-15 December and 1-15 February). The results confirmed the presence of significant differences between the two dates, where planting succeeded in the second date and the crop escaped from the threat of frost, which weakened the plant in the first date and made it vulnerable to infection. It will serve as a reference for scientists, researchers and agricultural workers to choose the most suitable date for planting the crop to escape the disease that has swept the crop in recent years and caused heavy damage and material losses. Note that references in this field are very rare.

key words: Nigella sativa, black seed , planting dates,  blight disease.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Ismaeel alsaleh^*(1), Abu-ghorrah Mahmoud⁽¹⁾ and Aroub Almasri⁽²⁾

(1). Department of plant protection -faculty of agriculture, Damascus   University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). National commission for biotechnology( NCBT), Ministry of higher education and scientific research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ismaeel Alsale, E-Mail: ismaeel.alsaleh@damascusuniversity.edu.sy).

Received: 1/10/2023            Accepted: 5/11/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in Plant Bacterial Diseases lab at Damascus university – faculty of Agriculture, and Molecular Biology lab at National commission for Biotecnology , We evaluated the efficiency of spraying wheat seedlings with the recombinant Harpin_Ea protein in increasing the activity of the peroxidase enzyme (POD), we used for that spectrophotometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) assays, the results of the measurement enzyme activity by spectrophotometer showed increasing in POD activity at wheat seedlings which treated with Harbin compared to seedlings treated with water (control).  the highest activity of the enzyme was at 72 hours post-treatment with Harpin compared to control (it reached 1.828 times concentration of the enzyme in the control), while it decreased slightly at 96 hours after spraying. Detection of activity of POD enzyme at wheat seedlings by polyacrylamide electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) confirmed last result, electrophoresis showed that the density and intensity of the peroxidase bands gradually increased in samples treated with harbin and reached the highest effectiveness (the highest density and intensity of the resulting band) at 72 hours post-treatment with Harpin, then the band density decreased slightly at 72 hours post-treatment with Harpin. Also at this study, we conducted gene expression of GPX (one of the genes responsible for peroxidase enzyme), and gene expression of Taβ-actin gene (housekeeping gene as internal control) on agarose gel. The results showed stability in gene expression by the time for both genes, whether in wheat seedlings treated with water or seedlings treated with Harbin, i.e. there was’nt any effect of treating wheat with harbin protein on the GPX gene expression, which indicates that the effectiveness of Harbin protein in stimulating activity of peroxidase enzyme didn’t match with gene expression of GPX, maybe there are other genes play a role in increasing its activity. This study showed the possibility of of treating wheat with Harbin protein which produced locally to increase its immunity and resistance to various pests.

Key words: Wheat, harbin protein, peroxidase enzyme.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud alhamdan*⁽¹⁾ and George Ghandour⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Researches, Homs Center Research, Homs, Syria

(2). Faculty, albaath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud alhamdan, Email Alhamdan1978@hotmail.com, Tel: 00963934003889).

Received:24/09/2023          Accepted:24/12/2023       

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Homs during the year 2022-2023, in order to study the effect of foliar spraying by biological maturate( biobacter) by concentration (0 blank, 1, 2, 3) g/lit which equal the levels ( 0 blank, 50, 100, 150)% in growth and productivity Tomato plant and in the quality properties of fruits, For that completely Randomized blocks was used, and the treatments distributed by three replications,  the results gave the following: Increase the plant height  by the increasing of levels spraying comparing with the control,  the foliar  spraying by concentration 2 g/lit (treatment 100% level) outperformed the two treatments  (50, 150)% according to the number of fruits/  bunch (3 fruit /bunch), the number of fruits/ shrub (38.33 fruit/shrub), and productivity estimated with (kg/ dunum) which reached to 500kg/dunum with increasing about 50% comparing with the control. On the other hand, the result showed a decrease in the acidity of fruits, an increase in their hardness, and a decrease in the percentage of soluble soils in them when foliar spraying with biological maturate at concentration of 2 g/l (100%).

Keywords: biological maturate (biobacter), foliar spray, tomatoes, growth, productivity, quality specification.   

Full paper in Arabic: pdf                                   

Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾ and Muhammad Manhal Al-Zoubi⁽²⁾

(1). General commission for scientific agricultural research, Latakia,  Syria.

(2). Administration of natural Resources research, General commission for scientific agricultural research, Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Ghonwa Khaddour, E-Mail: ghonwakhaddour@hotmail.com, Phone: 0934797446).

Received:2/09/2023            Accepted:28/11/2023

Abstract: 

>This research was conducted at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Latakia/General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in 2018/2019, to study the effect of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) irrigation on the growth and yield of Quinoa crop. The experiment included five treatments which were investigated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications in a greenhouse pot: T0 represents the control treatment using water only, T1 represents using 3% of untreated OMWW diluted with water, T2 represents using diluted 5% of untreated OMWW, T3 represents using diluted 3% of anaerobically treated OMWW, and T4 represents using diluted 5% of anaerobically treated OMWW. The addition of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) to OMWW, with no dilution, was adopted for the application of anaerobic treatment, which was performed using a laboratory designed digester. Quinoa pots were watered periodically according to the treatments applied. At the end of the growing period, Quinoa was harvested and several indicators were compared, including: plant height (h), flower length (l), total number of crop seeds (n), total weight of crop seeds (w) and weight of 1000 crop seeds per plant (w1000).The results showed the superiority of T0 in terms of (h) and (l) compared to other treatments, followed by T4.On other hand, T4 outperformed T0, in terms (n) and (w). In terms of (w1000), the results showed that T0 outperformed all the treatments, followed by T3, T4, T1 and T2. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between T0 and T4 treatments for all the studied measurements.

Key words: Olive Mills Wastewater (OMWW), Quinoa, Irrigation, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB).

Full Paper in English: pdf

Hanan Khnaiseh *⁽¹⁾ , Ilene Mahfoud  ⁽¹⁾ and Ali Thabeet ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Departement of renewable natural resources and ecology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hanan Khnaiseh, E-Mail: hanankhnaiseh@gmail.com).

                           Received: 30/09/2023                   Accepted: 24/12/2023

Abstract: 

Pinus brutia Ten. in Kfardabil afforestation site in the Jableh region, based on the Spectral Vegetation Indices calculated from satellite images. The study was carried out in the summer of 2019, 20 square samples were taken with an area of ​​3600 square meters each distributed randomly over the entire site, which has an area of ​​114 hectares. The diameter (dbh) for all trees in the studied samples were measured. Also, Ten trees (covering all diameters classes) were cut and weighed in order to estimate their biomass, and then their measurements were used to form the mathematical power model to estimate the biomass based on the diameter at the sample level. A set of spectral vegetation indices were calculated in order to study their association with biomass, namely NDVI, RDVI, LCI, NDMI, OSAVI and NDRE. These indices were calculated from the Sentinel-2 image using Arc Gis 10.3 software, and then linear models were designed that allow estimating of the biomass based on the values ​​of those spectral vegetation indices. The study concluded that there is a strong correlation between the NDVI and OSAVI indices with biomass, while the linear model based on the NDMI index could not accurately represent the biomass.

Key words: Brutia pine (Pinus brutia), Mathematical Model, Above-ground Biomass, Spectral Vegetation Indices, Kfardabeel afforestation site.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Osama Radwan ⁽¹⁾, Samer Naser* ⁽¹⁾ and Manal Fdi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Osama Radwan, Email: osamagr3@gmail.com Or Dr. Samer Naser, E.mail: samo17973@gmail.com).

Received:24/08/2023          Accepted: 27/11/2023

Abstract: 

Melia azedarach, Laurus nobilis and Cupressus sempervirens to obtain distinguished seedlings in the development of their aerial and root system. The experiment was carried out in the Forestry and Environment Laboratory of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia in the spring of 2020. Three agricultural media were used: A. Alturf (T): B. The nursery soil (as a witness) (S): c. A mixture of turf and nursery soil (TS) in a ratio of (1:1). The percentage of germination, average height and dry weight of the shoot and root system were studied. The complete randomized block system was used in the design of the experiment, and then L.S.D values ​​were calculated at the 0.05 level of significance. Concerning the germination rate, it ranged between (94.2 – 71.4-89.3% for Melia azedarach, Laurus nobilis and Cupressus sempervirens respectively) to outperform with a high significance on the nursery soil medium (67.4- 48.2- 61.3% respectively) compared to achieving significant differences with the mixture of turf and soil (77.6 – 55.3- 74.3% respectively). The results indicated that the turf medium was still significantly superior to the control medium, starting from germination, passing through the length of the vegetative and root groups, and reaching the average dry weight of these groups and for most species. Thus, turf played a clear role in improving the indicators measured at the center of the control alone compared to its mixture, on the level of physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Our results confirm the necessity of adding turf to the agricultural soil mixture to improve the germination and growth of seedlings, ultimately leading to the success of afforestation projects.

Keywords: Melia azedarach, Laurus nobilis, Cupressus sempervirens, substrates, growth.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hanan Almhemid*⁽¹⁾, Faraj Naoum⁽¹⁾, Abdulghani Alkhaldi⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Aljomaa⁽²⁾

(1). Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Cotton Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author: Hanan Almhemid, Email: HananAlmhemid@gmail.com).

Received:24/09/2023          Accepted: 7/12/2023

Abstract: 

The research aims to study the effect of subsurface drip irrigation system on some productivity indicators and irrigation Water use efficiency for cotton crop (Aleppo 118 varity) with different depths and spacing of the irrigation pipe. The research was carried out during 2022 agricultural season in Aleppo Governorate at Tal Hadya Cotton Research Station. (Cotton Research Administration- General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research), which is located within the second stabilization zone. The experiment was designed according to a split-plot design.The effect of two spacing (70 and 140) cm between drip pipes at three different depths as (15, 25 and 35) cm was studied.The results of variance analysis (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance for the yield trait showed high significant differences, as the average cotton yield for the first spacing (70 cm) was 5574 kg/ha and for the second spacing (140 cm) 2862 kg/ha.The results showed that there were significant differences in the water productivity, as the average irrigation water productivity for the first spacing (70 cm) was 0.824 kg/m³/h and for the second spacing (140 cm) 1.276 kg/m³/h. The results also showed that the first spacing treatment (70 cm) with the second depth (25 cm) was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments in the seed cotton yield.

Keywords: Subsurface drip irrigation, Cotton, Yield, IWUE.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Osama Radwan ⁽¹⁾, Amin Saleh ⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad Saigry^(1)*

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmad Sijari, Email Ahmad Saigry@gmail.com).

Received:18/07/2023          Accepted: 7/12/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out during the 2022 season in Lattakia City in the two sites of Al- Shabtaliya and Al-Kars, (100 and 600) sea level heights respectively, with the aim of studying the yield and some phenomenological and physical characteristics of wood charcoal produced from of pruning residues of olive and citrus trees, using the traditional method.The results showed that the charcoal yield ,​​ranged for olives and citrus, respectively, between (17.3 – 18.4%) in Al-Kars and between (20.3 – 21.66% ) in Al- Shabtaliya, The thickness of the bark (1-1.5) mm in Al-Kres, (0.5-1) mm in Al- Shabtaliya.  The results also showed that the quality of the charcoal produced from the two types studied in the Al- Shabtaliya site was better, because the combustion temperature cal/g.C° was 12.74 for olives, and 36.12 for citrus, and it takes a longer time to extinguish unlike the al-Kars site. The possibility of using pruning residues of these species as good alternatives to charcoal produced from forest trees

Key words : Charcoal, olives, citrus, Lattakia, specific heat, heat of combustion.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf