Kholod Ahmad Abbas1, Georges Makhoul Makhoul1, Faisal Wajih Dway1, and Mohammad Naddaf2

1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia University, Syria.
2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia University, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Kholod Ahmad Abbas, Email: kholod.abbas7@gmail.com )

Received: 5/ 5/ 2025     Accepted: 25/ 6/ 2025

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during three seasons (2020,2021,2022) on Al- khdery olive trees,30 years old in Rwayst al-hersh village in Lattakia. The aim of research is to study the effect of irrigation and organic fertilization on productive and qualitative characteristics of olive oil cv”Alkhdery”. Two levels of organic fertilizer 5 and 7 kg\ tree, were added in November, and irrigation water was used three times at a fixed irrigation water rate at 800 liters\ tree\irrigation. A completely randomized design was adopted. The experiment included 12 treatments and each treatment had 3 replications. The results were analyzed using Genestat 12 program by calculating the least significant difference level of 5%. The results showed that the T12 treatment (7 kg\tree organic fertilizer+ 3 batches irrigations) was superior to the three- year average in oil ratio 28.78%, and in the average oil quantity 10.964 kg/tree. The chemical analysis showed that the refractive index for all studied treatments was (1.4677-1.4705) at 20 c°, which is within the Syrian Standard Specification 182 ,2000. Also, treatment with 7 kg/tree organic fertilizer and 3 times irrigation was superior to the three- year average in acidity 0.66%. The peroxide index was within the internationally permissible limits and within the Syrian Standard Specifications and  therefore the oil is an extra oil.

Keywords: olive, organic fertilizer, irrigation, fertilization, oil ratio, quality indicators.

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Mazen Nassour1 and Hussam Hdaiwah1*

1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Hussam Hdaiwah, Email: ahmadaboalshykh1993@gmail.com ).

Received: 27/ 7/ 2024       Accepted: 7/ 10/ 2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in Lattakia in agricultural nursery of Tishreen university, Faculty of Agriculture during season (2022-2023). This research aimed to study effect of foliar spraying of Salicylic acid (SA)with three levels (100,200,400 mg/L) on vegetative growth ,flowering production of Stock (Matthiola incana L). The experiment was designed by the complete blocks design with four treatments and three replicates, 20 plants at replicate. The results showed a positive effect of Salicylic acid with level 200 ppm on vegetative parameters growth (Length of plant, number of leaves, area of paper surface and total chlorophyll) , as well as the formation and evolution of flowering date(early flowering,  syphilis length,  number of flowers on the inflorescence and  floral  diameter), the previous concentration  also contributed to an increase  in the life span  of post- harvest flowers(15.9 day)  compared to the control(10.3 day)..

Keywords: Salicylic acid (SA), Stock (Matthiola incana), cut flowers, growth, flowering. 

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Esraa Omar Bobo^1*, Badie Mohammad Samra¹, Ehab Thabet Ahmad², Gheith Muhammad Nassour²

¹ Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia University, Syria.

² General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Esraa Omar Bobo, E-mail: boboesraa7@gmail.com ).

Received: 2/ 6/ 2025                  Accepted: 3/ 8/ 2025

Abstract

The investigation was conducted in a Plastic greenhouse during the 2023-2024 season in Alsnobar Research Center of Lattakia, to study the effect of grafting the Barcelona eggplant hybrid on growth and yield. The experiment included (3) treatments: Barcelona eggplant hybrid grafted onto a foreign rootstock (Extra Pro), Barcelona eggplant hybrid grafted onto a local grown wild rootstock and non-grafted plants (control). The treatments were arranged in (4) replications, each contained (10) plants, according to a randomized complete block design. The results showed that plants grafted onto the foreign rootstock significantly outperformed the control, followed by those grafted on the wild rootstock, in all measured traits, compared to the control including plant high (156.5, 145.3 and 106.7 cm respectively), the number of leaves per plant (186.3, 173.3 and 103.3 leaves/plant respectively), the number of flowers (44.79, 39.74 and 25.61 flowers/plant respectively), the percentage of fruit set per plant (94.04 and 90.02% respectively) and the total soluble sugars content in fruit juice (4.700 and 3.830% respectively) were higher. In contrast, the grafted plants significantly outperformed both the foreign and wild rootstocks in terms of leaf area (28.043 and 27.266 cm2/plant respectively), the total solids in fruit juice (5.033 and 4.767% respectively) and the total acidity (0.1200% in both) compared to the control without significant differences among the grafted plants. Grafted plants on the foreign rootstock exhibited a significant superiority in yield per unite area, followed by those grafted on the wild rootstock (6.616 and 5.853 kg/m2 respectively) compared to the control (4.187 kg/m2).

Keywords: Eggplant– Fruit quality – Grafting – Growth – Yield.

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Ahmad Abo Alshaykh^1*, Muhammad Arbid² and Lial zaheed

¹ Master Student, College of Agriculture, Al-Furat University.

² Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, Al-Furat University.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmad Abo Alshaykh, Email: ahmadaboalshykh1993@gmail.com )

Received: 28/ 2/ 2025     Accepted: 21/ 7/ 2025

Abstract

The study was conducted in the village of Hatla, located north of Deir ez-Zor Governorate, over two agricultural seasons, 2022 and 2023. The study investigated the effect of three rates of compost (0, 2, and 4 tons/ha) and three concentrations of boron (0, 25, and 50 ppm) on peanut yields. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates, with compost rates occupying the main plots and boron concentrations occupying the split plots.  The results showed that the interaction of compost at a rate of (4 tons/ha) and boron at a concentration of (50 ppm) gave the highest values ​​for plant height (70.1 cm), leaf area (484.5 cm2), 100-seed weight (87.55 g), fruit yield (2835 kg/ha), harvest index (31.7%), and the lowest value for the number of empty pods (7.6 pods), while the compost rate of (4) tons/ha gave the best results for plant height (65.8 cm), leaf area (454.6 cm2), 100-seed weight (85.2 g), fruit yield (2574 kg/ha), harvest index (30.1%), and the lowest number of empty pods (9.2 pods) compared to the rest of the rates. The highest boron concentration (50) ppm gave the best results for plant height (66.1 cm), leaf area (452.8 cm2), 100-seed weight (81.3 g), fruit yield (2521 kg/ha), harvest index (29.7%), and the lowest number of empty pods (9.2 pods) compared to other concentrations. Therefore, it is recommended to foliar spray boron at a concentration of (50) parts per million on peanut crops and to add compost at a rate of (4 tons/ha) to the peanut crop if the goal of cultivation is to increase fruit yield or forage.

Keywords: Peanut, compost, boron, morphological characteristics, production characteristics.

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Ababel hamoud^1*, Bashir Mubarak¹ , Nabila kridi¹ , Nada Ghiba¹, and Laila Abdel Aziz¹

¹ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author: Ababel hamoud, Email: ababelhamod@gmail.com )

Received: 16/03 /2025      Accepted: 17/08 / 2025

Abstract

This research was carried out in the Shebaa area in the Damascus Countryside Governorate for the year (2023), with the aim of studying the effect of vermicompost on some chemical and fertility soil properties and comparing it with fermented cow dung fertilizer and mineral fertilizer and the productivity of the eggplant. The design of the full random sectors was adopted with 4 transactions and 3 replicates, and the studied fertilizer transactions were added according to the agricultural recommendation of the Ministry of Agriculture for summer vegetables after soil analysis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the acidity of the soil among all the studied treatments, and the results showed an increase in the soil content of total nitrogen in a clear way in all fertilizer treatments compared to the witness, and the superiority of Vermicompost over the rest of the transactions. With clear differences, it reached (0.07), as for the available potassium and phosphorous, the results appear to be clearly superior to the cow dung manure over the witness, and with non-clear differences with the rest of the fertilizer transactions, while the increase was not clear in the Soil content of potassium and phosphorous available for vermicompost and metal treatments compared to the witness, and all treatments were clearly superior to the witness in productivity. The results also showed significant differences in compost coefficients among themselves, and productivity was in the order of mineral fertilizers, followed by vermicompost, and then fermented dung manure.

Keywords: Vermicompost, mineral fertilizer, fermented cow dung manure, chemical properties, eggplant productivity.

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Loora Ahmad *¹, Ibrahim Alabid ¹, and Yaser Hammad²

¹Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

² Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Loora Ahmad. E-Mail: loorahmad1998@gmail.com. Phone:+963982602696).

Received: 18/ 06/ 2024      Accepted: 5/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of two types of beneficial bacteria , Basillus subtilis and Pseudomonas flourescens in improving the growth parameters of tomato plants infected with the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas corrugata. The research results showed an increase in all the values of all studied parameters presence of (Plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots, and fruit weight) when inoculated with beneficial bacteria in the absence and presence of infection with pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in the effect of pathogenic bacteria on plant growth parameters. Inoculation with beneficial bacteria singly or in a mixed achieved a significant increase in all studied treatments compared to the healthy control. The results showed that Basillus subtilis  bacteria was outperformed with a statistically significant difference compared to Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria. Mixed inoculation treatments with a mixture of the two types of beneficial bacteria were the best in stimulating growth plant and reduce the effect of pathogenic bacteria.                                                              

Keywords:  Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Plant growth, Tomato pith necrosis disease.

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Yahya Yosof *1 and Mohammad Nizam1

1Administration of horticulture, General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yahaya Yosof, E-Mail:yosof@gmail.com).

Received: 24/ 04/  2024     Accepted: 4/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during the year 2022-2023 in (Shas village / Tartous Governorate) in an orchard planted with 8-year-old May Crust peach trees to study the effect of smart nutrition with iron compounds (iron chelate Fe-EDTA 13%, hydrous ferrous sulphate Feso4,7H2o) and ascorbic acid. In the production of the peach tree and the quality of the fruits produced from it, I was affected by the partial partial experience of the number of commercial contracts 6 away from within it, near the witness (learning spray). All you need consists of three replicates and each replicate contains three companies. A specific sample of iron and ascorbic acid was used at a concentration of (500 mg/L) each, and they were used alone or in combination. It was concluded that the results of careful division of leaves were superior to the control in terms of vegetative or fruitful indicators, as well as fruits.The best treatment for the length of the packages is the treatment of the mixture (ferrous sulphate + ascorbic acid), which came in a diameter of (75.17 cm). As for the number of leaves, the best treatments were iron chelates, which amounted to (91) leaves/new growth. As for the physical characteristics, the best parameter in terms of number of fruits was ascorbic acid, which amounted to 444.67 fruits/tree, and in terms of fruit weight and fruit hardness, the best was (ferrous sulphate + ascorbic acid), which reached 79.53 g and 1.23 kg/cm2, respectively. As for the chemical specifications of the fruits, the best variants of total sugars (Ts) were treated with a mixture (ferrous sulphate). aqueous + ascorbic acid) and for the total materials treated with flox (iron chelate + ascorbic acid)
Keywords: peaches, leaf spray, iron chelate, ferrous sulfate aqueous, ascorbic acid.

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Yara Ehsan *¹_, Mahmoud Alio ¹, Baseem Barhoum ² and Haiyan Sulaiman ¹

1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
2 Department of Software and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Yara Ehssan. E-Mail:yara.ehssan.96@gmail.com)

Received: 5/ 05/ 2024        Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

The research aimed to identify the capabilities provided by modern technologies such as the use of smart phones and the Internet in supporting extension activities and the ability of extension workers to use and employ them in extension services. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was designed and information was collected from the sample members studied using a personal interview method by asking direct questions to a simple random sample of 100 agricultural extension workers in Lattakia Governorate. The descriptive approach was used to analyze data such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic averages, the five-point Likert scale, ANOVA analysis of variance, etc. among the sample members. The results showed that most agricultural extension workers own mobile phones at a rate of 99% (89% of which are modern phones), and the extension workers’ ability to use technology represented by smart phones was high, and there is a high desire among extension workers to use applications on smart phones to disseminate agricultural extension information. The results also indicated that one of the most important justifications for using smartphones in agricultural guidance is the high cost of producing posters and agricultural guidance publications. One of the most important factors for using smartphones in guidance work was reaching the largest number of guides in different places. The research recommended making use of smartphones as one of the modern guidance means to obtain agricultural information and guidance services
Keywords: Smart Phones, Electronic Agricultural Extension, Electronic Applications.

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Haifa Hossen*¹_, Naziha Ruqaya² and Nabil Habib²

¹ Syrian Grain Establishment, Latakia, Syria.

² Department of  Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture,  Tishreen University,  Latakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Haifa Hossen. E-Mail: haifahossen@yahoo.com).

Received: 26/ 06/  2024     Accepted: 24/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

The research was carried out during the two agricultural seasons 2019 and 2020 by planting two lines of barley and triticale sourced from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research , in addition to common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), where cultivation took place on the Boqa farm affiliated with the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Tishreen University. to study the effect of mixing ratios of barley and triticale with vetch on some productive traits of vetch. The experiment was implemented according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results indicated a significant effect of mixed cultivation in terms of the type of grass crop and its percentage in the mixture on the number of pods on the plant, the number of seeds per pod, the weight of a thousand seeds, the separation index, and the harvest index in vetch grown within the mixture. Vetch excelled in single cultivation in all the studied characteristics, while the number of pods, the number of seeds per pod, the filtering index, and the harvest index in vetch grown in the fodder mixture decreased significantly as the percentage of cereal plants included in the mixture increased. The opposite was observed with regard to the weight of a thousand seeds in the vetch. Barley showed stronger competition. of vetch in the mixture compared to triticale, as all the studied traits were negatively affected and to a greater extent in the vetch treatments grown with barley compared to the vetch treatments grown with triticale. The mixture consisting of 75% vetch and 25% triticale was superior in terms of the number of pods, number of seeds per pod, screening index, and harvest index over the rest of the mixtures. As for the weight of a thousand seeds, the mixture consisting of 75% triticale and 25% vetch was superior to the rest of the mixtures.
Keywords: Common vetch, Barley, Triticale, Forage mixtures.

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Heba Shams Aldden ^1*, Samir Shamsham ¹ and Fadi Abbas²

1 Lands Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.
2 General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Homs Research Center. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Heba Shams Aldden. E-Mail: Lamar.shamss@gmail.com).

Received: 27/ 07/ 2024        Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

The research was carried out during the year 2023 at the Center of Scientific Agricultural Research in Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, on the peanut variety Sahel, to study the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization on some soil fertility characteristics under conditions of deficient irrigation during the flowering and pod formation stages. The experiment was designed according to the Split-split plots design, where stress treatments were placed in the main plots, phosphate fertilization treatments were placed in split plots, and mycorrhizal inoculation treatments were placed in split-split plots with three replicates. The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza had a significant effect on increasing the concentration of NPK nutrients available in the soil, and it also had a role in lowering the soil pH, without significant differences between the two stress treatments during the flowering and. pod formation stages. The increased levels of phosphate fertilizer and drought stress also increased the concentration of available phosphorus and potassium, and reduced the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil, without significant differences between the two stress treatments during the flowering and. pod formation stages. Increasing the phosphate fertilization rate had no significant effect on the degree of soil pH, nor did any of the studied factors have any effect on the degree of electrical conductivity of the soil.
Keywords: Mycorrhiza, Phosphate fertilizer, Water stress, Peanut.

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