Mahmoud Ibrahim Al-Mohamed ^(1)*

(1). Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim Al-Mohamed. E-Mail:

Mahmoud.lb.Almohamed@gmail.com)

Received  29/05 /2024                 Accepted  29/ 07/2024

Abstract

the research was conducted at the Jeb Ramla cattle station on 82 Holstein Friesian cows, during the period from the beginning of 2022 to the beginning of 2024, with the aim of studying the effect of the length of the Dry Period Length on the amount of total milk production, the average of 305 days, daily milk production, and production during the first and second stages of lactation, aside from to the effect on the length of lactation, the Lactation curve for milk, and the continuity of production during subsequent lactation . Cows were classified according to dry periods into three categories, which were less than 45, 45-55, and more than 55 days. The data was analyzed using SPSS26 software. The results showed a highly significant effect of the length of the dry period on all milk production indicators studied. The Lactation curve was also affected by the Dry Period Length. Shortening the Dry Period Length led to a decrease in milk production quantities and continuity of production. Cows with a short dry period of less than 45 days reached peak production early, compared to cows with a period of 45-55 days that continued longer to maintain high production in subsequent lactation.

Key words: Dry Period, milk production, the Lactation curve for milk, cows.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mahmoud Ibrahim Al-Mohamed ^(1)*

(1). Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim Al-Mohamed. E-Mail:

Mahmoud.lb.Almohamed@gmail.com)

Received  10/05 /2024                 Accepted  14/ 07/2024

Abstract: 

It is generally assumed that high levels of somatic cell count SCC reduce milk production and quality. However, the relationship between SCC and reproductive indicators in cows must also be taken into account. Therefore, this research was conducted at the Jeb Ramla Cattle Station and the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo on 46 Holstein Friesian cows. with the aim of studying the effect of the level of somatic cell counts on Services per conception, Estrus rate, Calving interval, Duration of pregnancy, and the weight of the calf at birth. The data was analyzed using the spss26 program. The results showed a highly significant effect of the level of somatic cell counts in the milk on Services per conception, Estrus rate, Calving interval, Duration of pregnancy, and the weight of the calf at birth. Cows with a low level of somatic cell counts had the best values for all indicators studied. There was also a negative and highly significant correlation between the level of somatic cell counts and the weight of the calf at birth, the duration of pregnancy, Estrus rate. while the correlation was positive and highly significant between the level of somatic cell counts and the Services per conception, Calving interval.

Key words: somatic cell counts, SCC, Services per conception, Estrus rate, Calving interval, Duration of pregnancy.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Al-Shehabi ^(1)*, Bassam Al-Oklah ⁽²⁾ , Hala Khaled ⁽³⁾ and Nour Haj Masoud ⁽²⁾

(1). Food Technology Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Food and Industrial Technologies, General Authority for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Hama, Hama, Syria.

(*Correspondent: Dr. Muhammad Al-Shehabi: Email: mohamadalshehabi@yahoo.com).

Received: 14/02/2024               Accepted: 13/07/2024

Abstract: 

The current research aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of some fish species in Syria, taken from fish market in the city of Latakia in September 2022,  and this research included three fish species namely, bogue (Boops boops), mullet (Liza  aurata), and palmida (Engraulis sp.). The nutritional value study included determination of the percent of proteins, fats, and calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphor, iron, magnesium, zinc  and fatty acids composition focusing on polyunsaturated fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), due to their importance in human nutrition, in addition of determination of moisture and ash. Results revealed that palmida showed the highest content of protein at 25.48%, and the lowest content in bogue at 22.13%; while the highest content of fat was recoded in bogue at 5.33%, and lowest fat content in palmida at 2.48%. The calcium contents were almost equal in all studied species, and ranged between 20.51 mg/100 g in bogue and 18.42 mg/100 g in palmida, and the highest contents of phosphor and iron were recorded in mullet at 625 and 3.40 mg/100 g, respectively, and the highest contents of sodium, magnesium and zinc were recorded in bogue at 92.51, 78.51 and 0.80 mg/100 g, respectively, while the highest content of potassium was recorded in palmida at 285.70 mg/100 g. The highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was recorded in bogue at 24.61%, and lowest content of PUSFA was recorded in palmida at 12.45%, and the highest content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in mullet at 32.82% and lowest content in palmida at 20.67%. The highest content of EPA was found in mullet at 4.48% and the lowest content was found in palmida at 3.52%, and the highest content of DHA was found in bogue at 13.22% followed by palmida at 11.34%, and finally mullet at 2.32%.

Keywords: chemical composition, EPA, DHA.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mahmoud Ibrahim Al-Mohamed ^(1)*

(1). Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim Al-Mohamed. E-Mail:

Mahmoud.lb.Almohamed@gmail.com)

Received  29/05 /2024                 Accepted  1/ 08/2024

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in 2022/2023, at the Jeb Ramla cattle station and the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo on 82 Holstein Friesian cows, with the aim of studying the effect of the length of the dry period on the proportion and production of some milk components, moreover to the health status of the udder represented by the level of somatic cell counts, and the incidence of mastitis in the subsequent lactation. The data was analyzed using SPSS26 software. The results showed a highly significant effect of the length of the dry period on the level of somatic cell counts, the percentage of fat, and the amount of production of fat, protein, lactose, and non-fat solid matter in the subsequent lactation. Shortening the dry period also led to negative effects on the content of fat, the amount of fat production, and the level of somatic cell counts, and the health status of the udder. While the percentage of protein, lactose, and non-fat solid matter was not affected by the length of the drying period.

Key words: dry period, somatic cell counts, SSC, mastitis, milk components.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Abdel Qader Gomaa^(1)*, Hossam El-Din Khalasi⁽¹⁾ and Muhammad Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾      

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Abdel Qader Gomaa, E-mail aboalabd876@gmail.com).

Received: 15/02/2024               Accepted: 1/08/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out at Deir Hafer , Aleppo Governorate during the 2023 agricultural season, by planting three genotypes of Zea mays L. (Ghouta 1, Ghouta 82, and Basil 1) obtained General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, and treating them with spraying with different concentrations of the amino acid proline (0). 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and irrigation at a level of (50-100%) of field capacity according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replicates, with the aim of studying the effect of irrigation and spraying with proline and their interactions on some morphological and productive traits of hhese genotypes and determining the appropriate concentration of proline acid to reduce the effect of water stress to achieve the best productivity of Zea mays plants. The results showed that the concentration of 100 mg/L of the amino acid proline was superior compared to other concentrations used, and the irrigation treatment at a level of 100% compared to irrigation at a level of 50% of the field capacity in most of the traits studied. The response of the yellow maize crop of the three studied genotypes to spraying with high concentrations of proline (100%) and irrigation at 100% of field capacity.

Keywords: Zea mays, proline, field capacity, water stress.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Sara deeb * ⁽¹⁾ Ibrahem Nesafi ⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad kara Ali ⁽¹⁾

(1).Faculty of Agriculture,  Tishreen University, Syria. 

(2). Department of Marine chemistry, High Inst. of Marine Research,  Tishreen University

(*Corresponding author: Sara Deeb. E-Mail: saradeeb857@gmail.com).

Received:26/03/2024          Accepted: 11/07/2024

Abstract: 

This study aimed to estimate the level of air pollution in some portable  heavy metals (lead and copper) in dust quarries by leaves of Laurus nobilis and Myrtus communis as biomonitor In site of Kfardabeel Stand- Jableh. The samples of dust and leaves were collected at the end of bioindicator July in 2020, Atomic  absorption  spectrophotometer was  used  to  determine  the amounts of lead and copper (ppm, dry weight).The average of accumulated metals in the Laurus and Myrtus  leaves were estimated: (Cu=10.24 ppm ,Pb=0.68ppm)  (Cu=10.28ppm, Pb =0.64ppm), while their amounts in the dust were done as following: (Cu=5.45 ppm, Pb =0.16 ppm).The results showed a correlation between heavy metals amounts in the leaves and their amounts in the trapped dust (r= 0.83) was detected, also regression equations have explained the variations in accumulation of studied metals in relation to the accumulated dust on leaves as following: Cu20%, 46% Pb. Consequently results confirmed the possibility of detecting the atmospheric Cu ,Pb pollution in the studied site using Laurus nobilis and Myrtus communis leaves as a biomonitor.

Key words: Laurus nobilis , Myrtus communis Lead, Copper,, biomonitor.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Zeinab Jaffar ⁽¹⁾, Sawsan Suleiman*⁽²⁾,  and Mona Barakat ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land Sciences. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

 (2). Department of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Zeinab Jaffar, E-mail Zeinab12jaffar@.gmail.com).

Received: 14/02/2024               Accepted: 5/08/2024

Abstract: 

Three replicates of each treatment were used to study the effects on various physical and chemical properties, including bulk density, porosity, main weight diameter, and aggregate size distribution. Four levels of tobacco west compost (0,10,20, and 30 tons/h) were added to the clay soil treatment, and plant foliar spray (0,2,4 ml/l) was applied in three concentrations of compost filtrated extract.The results showed that tobacco wast compost (K1, K2, K3) was effective in increasing the soil content of organic matter (29,58,66%) compared to the control. The treatment ameliorates as well the soil’s physical properties, main weight diameter, stable aggregate, and soil porosity. Whereas bulk density decreased, soil nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus content increased significantly compared to the control in the three treatments. The results showed as well that foliar application of compost extract alone or with compost has no effect on soil properties.  Plant growth metrics significantly increased when the soil was treated with tobacco waste compost and its extract, with 30 tan/h + 4 ml of extract yielding the best values

Keywords: Compost, tobacco waste, soil properties, pepper plant.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Razzan alnajjar * (1), Sameer Al-Ahmad⁽²⁾ , M. Al Debss ⁽¹⁾, and Samar Al-Ali ⁽³⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Researcher,  Agricultural Research Center,  Tartous, Syria.

(3).  Crop Research Department, General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(4). Researcher,  Agricultural Research Center,  Homs,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Razan alnajjar, E-Mailrazanhamoda2009@gmail.com).

Received: 28/03/2024               Accepted: 1/08/2024

Abstract 

This research was conducted to study the behavioral  of morphological and yield properties in a set of 15 F₁ hybrids of six inbred lines  of maize (Zea mays L.) were produced in 2020 at the Maize Researches Department and evaluated in 2021 at three locations Agriculture Scientific Research Center at ( karabo, Tartous, Homs). Mean squares of locations, hybrids and hybrids × locations were significant for all traits, it means that hybrid behavior change from location to another. Mean squares of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability confirm the high consequence of both additive and non-additive gene action on the inheritance of these traits. Also, interaction between GCA × locations and SCA × locations were significant for all studied traits. The σ²_GCA/σ²_SCA ratios showed that non-additive gene effects played major role in inheritance of silking date, plant height and ear height while, additive gene effects were the most important in inheritance of yield. GCA effects showed that the inbred lines P2 ، P1  ، P3 was good combiner for grain yield also, SCA effects indicated that the hybrids P1 × P4، P3 × P4 ، P4  × P، were the best combinations for grain yield.

Key words: Maize, half diallel cross, Combining ability, Genetic × Environments interaction.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Mareai^*(1), Mohammad Maqbool ⁽²⁾ and Tawfiq Al- Omari⁽²⁾

 (1). National Genetic Resource Center, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen.

(2). Central Highlands Research station, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen

(*Corresponding author: Mareai, M.M; E-Mail mareemohammed88@yahoo.com).

Received: 10/02/2025               Accepted: 3/08/2025      

The study was carried out in the Central Highlands Region, Dhamar Governorate, Republic of Yemen, in nine different locations in mid-July 2020 in three districts which are Mayfa’a Ans, Otma and Al-Hadda, in each district, three locations were chosen for the purpose of studying the phenotypic and productive characteristics of tree varieties of lentil (1 local and two improved Dhamar -1- and Dhamar -2), each cultivar was planted with an area of 150 m² in each site and was relied on 16 descriptive and quantitative traits. The results showed that the cultivars were divided into two groups, the first group included the Dhamar  -1 variety, the second group included the local variety (Landraces) and Dhamar -2, the results of the cluster analysis indicate that the improved variety differed from the local variety  and Dhamar  -2 variety  in many characteristics and the degree of kinship reached 70%, which indicates the presence of genetic divergence between them, while the degree of kinship between the local variety (Landraces) and Dhamar -2 reached 78%, which indicates the presence of genetic closeness between them, and therefore it is possible to rely on the phenotypic characteristics to distinguish between the varieties, the study confirms the importance of expanding it by increasing the number of varieties in addition to the molecular study.

Key words: phenotypic characteristics, cluster analysis, genetic kinship and Lentil.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rehab Harba^*(1), Majd Darwish⁽¹⁾ , Samir al-Ahmad⁽²⁾ , and Yasser Hammad⁽³⁾

(1).  Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). Scientific Agricultural Research, Tartous Research Center

(3). Department of soil, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria

      Email: rehabharba84@gmail.com.

Received:8/02/2024                             Accepted:29/07/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out during the 2022 growing season at Zahid Water and Irrigation Research Station – Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Tartous- in order to study the effect of agricultural density (20×50 and 30×50 cm) and spraying with the biofertilizer EM1 (control without spraying, 3 ml/L, 6 ml/l) in some growth indicators for the two peanut cultivars (Giza 6 and Soori 2): as an indicator: leaf area (LAI), crop growth rate (GCR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf area duration (LAD). using split split plot design , as the density occupied the main plots, biofertilization sub-plots, cultivar sub-sub plots ,the treatments were randomly distributed in three replications The results showed that Giza 6 variety was significantly superior to Soori 2 variety in all indicators studied, and the agricultural density (30 x 50 cm) was significantly superior to the density (20 x 50 cm) in the relative growth rate (RGR 0.14, 0.11) g/g/day, net assimilation rate (NAR) (0.22, 0.31) kg/m²/week, leaf area ratio (LAR) (0.40, 0.47) dm²/g/day, and leaf area duration (LAD) (33.66, 45.56) m²/week, while plant density exceeded ( 20 x 50 cm) significantly affected the crop growth rate (CGR g/m²/day) , the leaf area index (LAI) and seed productivity per hectare . As for the effect of biological fertilization on the studied traits, the treatments with concentrations of 3 and 6 ml/l were significantly superior to the control. The concentration of 6 ml/l was important in terms of a significant increase in the values of all growth indicators. The results concluded that planting the Giza 6 variety at a density of 30 x 50 cm, spraying it with EM1 biofertilizer at a concentration of 6 ml/l, gave the highest value for the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate of the plant, and the leaf area ratio, while planting it at a density of 20 x 50 cm gave a positive effect. Significantly greater for crop growth rate and leaf area index and seed productivity per hectare.

Key words-: peanuts, plant density, biofertilization, morphological indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF