Abd Ulkader Nadaf ^(1)*,Maissa Kakeh⁽¹⁾, Khair Al-Din Tarsha Kurdi⁽²⁾, Muhammad Zakaria Zein Al-Din⁽³⁾

(1). Dept.of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept.of Engineering Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

 (3). Aleppo Chamber of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Abd Ulkader Nadaf. E-Mail: naddafabdalkadder@gmail.com Tel:+963931815499).

Received: 9/02/2024            Accepted: 11/06/2024

Abstract: 

This research aims to study the physical properties, such as moisture content and density, of wood pellet manufactured from the wild reed plant, Phragmites australis (leaf, stem, and entire parts of the plant), after manufacturing them by chopping and grinding plant samples, then pressing them with a small homemade press made up of an iron frame with A controllable metal press and a mold to transform them into regular shaped molds and expose them to a high temperature of 105°C for a period ranging between 20-30 minutes using an electric dryer. After the process of manufacturing the compresses, the moisture content and density of the samples made from the wild reed plant (leaf – stem – all parts of the plant) are calculated. These compresses were manufactured and tested in the wood technology laboratory at the College of Agriculture. The average humidity of the compresses ranged from (7.62 to 16.59) and the average density ranged from (0.330 to 0.924).

Keywords: wild reed, wood pellet, density, moisture content.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Saleh Saleh *⁽¹⁾, M. Shafik Hakim⁽¹⁾, and Abdullah Al-Yousef ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo

(2). General commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo Research Center, Aleppo, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Saleh Saleh, Email: salehalsaleh989@gmail.com Mob. 0938386194).

Received:25/10/2023        Accepted: 25/06/2024

Abstract: 

This study carried out in Humaimeh Research Station/ Aleppo Center for Scientific Agricultural Research/Syria during seasons 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 to estimate the components of genetic variation and study the genetic action of Crop Parameters and its components using Generation Mean Analysis Model, F1, F2, with their parents and BC1 & BC2 were selected from MSc thesis according to T- test. The results showed that averages of generations were high significant for all parameters in all hybrids. The results indicated to the importance of additive effect and dominant genetic action which varied between parameters in all hybrids. The dominance x dominance interaction was more effect of the additional genetic action x additional, and the additional x dominant in all the traits studied. The values of phenotypic variance coefficient were higher than the genetic variance coefficient in all the traits studied, which indicates that the traits were influenced by the environment, and the genetic variance coefficient was higher than the environmental variance. The highest values of predicted genetic progress were associated with high and medium values of the degree of heritability in the narrow sense for the traits studied. The results showed the possibility of selection in the early segregation generations, especially the first and fourth hybrids, for the traits of early maturity and 1000 grain -weight. Therefore, these hybrids can be introduced into a breeding program to benefit from them in improving these traits in barley under drought conditions

Keywords: Barley, generation mean analysis, six populations, heritability, genetic advance.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Samar H. Othman(¹⁾, Nadine N. Ali^{( 1)} and Nada A. Allouf^{( 1)}

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samar H Othman. samar.93.sam@gmail.com).

Received:7/03/2024                    Accepted: 2/06/2024

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of three native isolates of nematodes Heterorhabditis  (H1, H2, and H6), against the last instar of Galleria mellonella larvae, using the dose-response test, under laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory in 2023. The three isolates were compared at four concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 infective juveniles IJs/1 insect larvae) at 30±2 C°. The results showed that H2 and H6 caused mortality during the first 24 hours after treatment. Mortality rates reached 80% and 50% using 20 and 10 Ijs, respectively. On the second day, significant differences were noticed between the three isolates and the control. Mortality rate achieved 80%, 90%, 100% for H1, H6 and H2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the three isolates in terms of their killing ability except on the first day where H2 was the highest. LD50 after 48 h was 10.13, 10.44, 9 Ijs for H1, H2, and H6, respectively.

Keywords: Entomopathogenic Nematode, efficiency, Heterorhabditis, Galleria mellonella, Dose response.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Samar Dayoub^*(1)_, Rashid Kharbotli⁽¹⁾ and Nabil Abokaf ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Samar Dayoub. E-mail: samardayoub17@gmail.com ).

Received: 30/03∕2024                    Accepted:11∕ 06∕ 2024

Abstract:                                                                                                                                      

The experiment was carried out on two apple cultivars Royal gala, Granny smith and the rootstock Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill fifteen years old and grafted on M. sylvestris nine years old in Kassab orchard for seedling rootstocks of agriculture and agricultural reform directorate in Lattakia province during seasons of 2020 and 2021. The Different pruning treatments that practiced on trees were (control, slight, intermediate, and intensive pruning).  In addition to  artificial infestation was made for trees in June, the percentage of aerial infestation (AI %) of woolly apple aphid (WAA) were estimated after (4) months of making infestation. The aim of this study is estimating the effect of different pruning treatments on the percentage of aerial infestation (AI %) of woolly apple aphid (WAA) and its impact on the different nutrients content of both leaves and fruit.  The results showed that the intensive pruning increased the percentage of aerial infestation for all cultivars.  The intermediate pruning treatment was the best in comparison to other treatments in achieving the lowest value of aerial infestation for all studied cultivars. the results of the statistical analysis of treatments, there were differences between all the studied treatments wich was remarkable in the trees CV^” Royal gala^” and with the superiority of the control treatment in comparison to other pruning treatments . the highest content of studied nutrients in the intermediate pruning wich gained in the CV ” Granny smith^” and M. sylvestris. Whereas was in the slight pruning treatment for the CV^” Royal gala^”  . the intensive pruning treatment reduced the fruit content of total solids (TSS%)  and total sugars(TS%). On the contrary increased the total acidity (TA%) for all cultivars. The best  pruning treatment was the intermediate pruning wich reduced the  total acidity (TA%) in the fruit flesh and also increased (TSS%)  and (TS%).

Keywords: Royal gala , Eriosoma lanigerum, intermediate pruning, , Malus   sylvestris, total acidity.       

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Saher Al-Halabi*⁽¹⁾, Walid Nafaa⁽²⁾ and  Bayan Mezher⁽³⁾

(1). Department of  Plant Protection Research, Agriculture Research Center in Swieda, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria

(2). Damascus University, Second Faculty of Agriculture, Swieda, Syria

(3). Pome and Grapevine Division, Sweida, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Saher Al-Halabi. E-Mail: alhalabi.m.saher@gmail.com)

Received:  30/12/2023                         Accepted:25/05/2024

Abstract: 

Dead-arm disease is one of the most important Grapevine Trunk Diseases. It effects on the quality and quantity of grape production, and leads to early death of infected bushes in vineyards. The aim of this study was to determine some characteristics of Xylem vessels, such as diameter and density of Xylem vessel in two V. vinifera cultivars “Al-Salti” and “Al-hulwani”, to determine their role in the occurrence of dead arm disease. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center and vineyards within Swieda Governorate, during the season (2022-2023).The results showed that the diameters of large Xylem vessels were encouraging the occurrence and spread of infection in the studied varieties, as “Al-Salti” variety recorded an infection rate estimated at 100% with a large average diameter of Xylem vessels (195.14 µm) compared to “Al-Halwani” variety, which recorded an infection rate of 25% and a small average diameter (87.27µm). The frequency of vessels was inversely related to the average diameter of vessels for the varieties, where the frequency of vessels was recorded as (29.75 and 38.21 vessel/mm²), respectively. This is considered the first study to show the role and relationship of the diameter and density of Xylem vessels in grapevine to the occurrence and spread of dead-arm disease.

Keywords: grapevine, dead-arm, Xylem vessels, diameter, density.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Riad Qara Fallah * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Riad Qara Fallah. E-mail: riadqarafallah@gmail.com)

Received: 20/02/2024            Accepted date: 26/06/2024

Abstract: 

The world in general and the eastern Mediterranean region – within which Syria is located – have witnessed, especially in the last four decades, an unprecedented rise in temperature rates exceeding all previous decades. The rise in temperature has been accompanied by a decline in the amount of rainfall, and the periods and areas affected by drought have increased, according to the IPCC report, 2021. This research aims to determine the amount of temperature change and precipitation amounts during the period (1981-2020) in the Al-Hasakah and Qamishli stations located in the Syrian Jazira region, and to divide the study period into two equal periods for comparison between them, then analyze the relationship between precipitation and temperature to determine the beginning and end of periods of climatic humidity and drought during the two comparison periods through a climate diagram. As a result, the temperature rose by 2 degrees during the second period compared to the first in Al-Hasakah and 1.2 in Al-Qamishli. Precipitation decreased by 44.6 mm in Al-Hasakah and 40.4 mm in Al-Qamishli. Dry periods increased by two weeks in Al-Hasakah and a week in Al-Qamishli.

Keywords: climate drought, climate diagram, climate change, Al-Hasakah Qamishli..

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Eyad Dannoura* ⁽¹⁾, Wael Mtawej ⁽¹⁾, Bayan Mozher⁽²⁾, and Ola Al-halabi ⁽²⁾

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Alswedaa Research Center, Researcher, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Eyad Dannoura. Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com, Tel: 0966895705 ).

Received:30/04/2024           Accepted: 11/07/2024

Abstract: 

The research was conducted from the 2019 to 2022 at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Lattakia, affiliated with the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. The aim of this research was to determine the best method for propagating of the wild apple species Malus trilobata (Lab). The research included several methods of propagation (sexual propagation by seeds, woody and semi-woody cuttings, Vertical Layering). The seeds and cuttings were obtained from one of the types of the wild apple species Malus trilobata (Lab) from the site of Khirbet al-Sindyanah in the Qardaha region in Latakia. The grafting process was also carried out on two types in the same site, and this study concluded that it is possible to Propagate the studied species sexually, after breaking the dormancy stage of its seeds by removing the seed coats and treating with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 100 ppm or 200 ppm, where the germination rate reached 100%, while no rooting of the woody and semi-woody cuttings took place in the applied treatments, and vertical layering did not produced any new plants. The study also showed the possibility of grafting the studied species onto the Golden delicious and Starking delicious apple varieties, where the grafting success rate reached 66.67% and 83.33% for the two varieties, respectively.

Key words: wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab), seeds, gibberellic acid, grafting, cuttings.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Evan  Dayoub*⁽¹⁾, Jihad Ibrahim ⁽¹⁾, Samar Hasan ⁽²⁾, and Ola Kajo ⁽³⁾

(1).Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Scientific Research Center (mathematical modelling of the solutions movement in soils), Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Field Crops (oil crops), Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Evan Dayoub, E. mail: dayoubevan@gmail.com).

Received: 29/01/2024                          Accepted:25/05/2024

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in Latakia (Fideo Livestock farming) in 2022 to study the effect of three olive mill wastewater rates (0-5-10 l.m^-2) in some soil’s physical and hydronomical characteristics and soybean growth and productivity characteristics growing in a loamy soil. The experiment showed a significant decrease in the bulk density of the examined soil in both depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) with increasing OMWW rates. OMWW level of 10 l.m^-2 in soil depth 0-20 cm achieved the highest value of total porosity 52.10 and pores containing available water 16.46. Similarly, the OMWW level of 10.l.m^-2 achieved the heday value of total porosity 44.86 in soil depth 20-40 cm, while the maximum value of pores containing available water15.87 was attained at the level 5 l.m^-2 of OMWW. On the other side, the treatment with 10 l.m^-2 of OMWW resulted in the best results of growth, productivity, and protein content, where the increments in leaf area and protein content were 28.22%,18.75% respectively, whilst productivity reached 38.25% and 63.22% when using 5 and 10 l. m^-2 respectively.

Keywords: bulk density, moisture tension, plant available water- olive mill wastewater, soybean.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Eyad Dannoura* ⁽¹⁾,Wael Mtawej ⁽¹⁾,Bayan Mozher⁽²⁾ and Ola Al- halabi ⁽²⁾

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Alswedaa Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR),Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Eyad Dannoura. Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com, Tel:0966895705).

Received: 12/04/2024                        Accepted:11/07/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during the years 2020 and 2021 at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, affiliated with the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. with the aim of studying the effect of Stratification, lighting, and storage on the germination of seeds and embryos of wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab). Seeds were collected from one of the type of the wild apple species Malus trilobata (Lab). from the site of Khirbet al-Sindyaniyah in the Qardaha region in Latakia Governorate, which is 900 meters above sea level. The results of the study showed that the Stratification at (6-8) degrees C° is very effective in breaking the dormancy of the seeds of the studied species. The 90 day Stratification treatment outperformed the rest of the treatments with a 100% germination rate, while the non-stinging seeds did not germinate at all. The study also concluded that lighting is a major factor in the germination of embryos of the studied species. The average percentage of germination did not exceed 20% in the absence of lighting. While it reached 100% in the presence of full lighting, the study also showed that the seeds do not enter a secondary dormancy phase after being stored. The average percentage of seed germination after a year of storage reached 100% after cold Stratification treatment for 90 days, and the same applies to embryos grown at successive intervals of 4 months; While the complete seeds did not germinate at all.

Key words: wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab), Stratification, Lighting, seeds, embryos.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hassn Aldali⁽¹⁾ Omiema Nasser⁽¹⁾* , Imad Alhadad⁽²⁾ and Tamim Hammad⁽³⁾

(1)   . Environmental Prevention Department in Higher Institute for Environmental Research in Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2)   . Higher Institute for Environmental Research in Tishreen University.

(3)   . Faculaty of Pharmacy in  A-lbath University, Homs, Syria. (4)   .Faculaty of Pharmacy in Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Omiema Nasser, E.mail:gmiel.com@omiemanasser).

Received:18/04/2023          Accepted: 8/07/2024

Abstract: 

The anti-efficacy of Prunus spinosa leaves and fruits extracts against of some dermatopathogens bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was studied, obtained from diseases admitted to the hospital, was studied on some biochemical tests on them, using the staphylococcal diagnostic profiling unit, API 20 API Staph. A sample of the prickly peach plant was collected after complete terrain from the countryside of Aleppo Governorate, the Turkmen nurses from a middle-altitude area, in the month of August of the summer of 2021. More drilling rigs (wells) on central Müller-Hinton agar. The results showed the effect of the ethanolic extract of the fruits of P. spinosa on all the tested bacteria, and the record of the largest circumferential diameter (20) mm was for P. aeruginosa, and the lowest was for Staph. p.spinosa, with less influence on the name, inherited the name Staph. And below, and below for the bacterium P. aeruginosa, with a diameter of the inhibition ring (8) mm. Extract extracted from the leaves of the plant P. aeruginosa.

Keywords: Prunus spinosa plant, Skin pathogens, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF