Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes*⁽¹⁾

 (1).Food Technology Division- Hama Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes.E-Mail: maldaames@yahoo.com).

Received: 17/11/2019                                Accepted: 26/01/2020

Abstract

The research studied the effect of infection percentage tortoise bug insect on the rheological and technological properties of Syrian durum wheat flour. Seed samples of 100% infected wheat grains were prepared by separating the infected grains from the wheat samples in the centers of the General Establishment for Grain Trade and Processing in the 2018 season, then mixed with healthy wheat grains at a ratio of 0 % as control (2,4,6,8, and 10%) and divided into two parts. The first part was used to determine the rheological properties (Specific weight, wet gluten, Farinograph, Extensograph). The second part of the sample was tested after the addition of three concentrations of ascorbic acid (100 ppm -200 ppm -300 ppm). The results showed no significant differences between the control sample (free of infection) and the affected samples by 2% without adding ascorbic acid and significant differences at the level of 5% between the infected samples (4%, 6%, 8, and10%) compared to the control sample, with the addition of ascorbic acid or without, the results indicted to obtain the best rheological and technological properties it is recommended to add 300 ppm of ascorbic acid infection if the percentage of infection was 6%.

Keyword: Rheological and technological properties of wheat flour, ascorbic acid, Tortoise bug.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Najari Sghaier ⁽¹⁾, Atoui Ahlem^*(1) and Abdennebi Moldi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Institute of Arid Regions, Médenine. 4119. Faculty of sciences (F.S.G) Gabés, University of Gabés, Tunisia.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Atoui ahlem, E-mail :ahlematoui@gmail.com).

Received: 06/08/2020                                Accepted: 22/09/2020

Abstract

 The study aimed to develop a set of indicators of an economic and biological nature that can be adopted from a better evaluation of the productivity of different genetic groups resulting from the local breeding program for goats with improved and specialized breeds in the oases of southern Tunisia. The proposed indicators depend on adjusting the average qualifications of milk and meat production for each genetic group, by taking into account the outcome of the breeding season and the cost of breeding for each group separately. The database was collected over a period of 22 years in the caprine herd of the Arid Areas Institute of Médenine. It consisted of direct records of 1,654 weights and 993 records of periodic milk production for members of the domestic goat herd, imported breeds, and hybrid groups. The proposed economic and vital indicators are based on collecting and adjusting all the components of milk production and growth of the goat by calculating the reproductive data, mortality, infertility and abortion. In the second stage, the productivity obtained above is modified by dividing it by the average metabolic weight (P ^0.75), which reduces the cost of breeding, which is correlated with the relative body size and feeding requirements in particular, which differ from one genetic group to another. The application of economic and biological indicators led to a classification and evaluation of productivity completely different from what was obtained based on a comparison of individual performance and production only as usual and which does not reflect the true effectiveness of the heterogeneous herds. It was noted that some strains, with high performance from milk products or heavy weights in weaning, were subject to evaluation influencing their ranking due to infertility rates or high mortality. Moreover, the correction by metabolic weight has profoundly altered the genetic difference arrangement in favor of local goats and marsiana with small sizes compared to latin, damascene and hybrid goats. Consequently, the incorporation of all productive components and animal behavior into the evaluation criteria provides effective technical means for comparing the productive performance of heterogeneous herds which supports the effectiveness of genetic improvement programs. Improvements can be made to the studied indicators by calculating other elements that interfere in the outcome of education or by adopting individual indicators instead of the medium, which is included in future studies.

Key words: productivity assessment indicators, Local goats, crossbreeding, growth, milk, metabolic weight .

Full paper in English: PDF

Firas Sultan * ⁽¹⁾ , Darem Tabaa *⁽¹⁾ and Abd-Aziz Arwana ⁽¹⁾      

(1).Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hama, Hama, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Firas Sultan. E-Mail: vet.firas83@hotmail.com).

Received: 13/06/2020                                Accepted: 23/7/2020

Abstract

This study was done to isolate and determine the prevalence of  Listeria species and especially Listeria monocytogenes of sheep meat samples from retail market in Hama city and their incidence during the seasons of the year.  120 sample sheep meat was collected randomly from retail raw sheep meat samples in Hama city distributed evenly over the seasons of the year 2017.

The results were recorded: 53 (44.1%) positive for Listeria spp., and the presence of L. monocytogenes was 6 (5%). While most species of Listeria were found L. innocua 34 (28.3%). The other isolates were L. ivanovii (1.6%), L. seeligeri (1.6%), L. grayi (4) 3.3%, L. welshimeri (3.3%), L. murrayi   1 (0.8%). The results showed that there were no significant differences between the prevalence of LIsteria spp in sheep meat during the seasons of the year.  This results suggest that possible Listeriosis infection among meat consumers.

Keyword: Listeria, monocytogenes, sheep meat ,Hama.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wafaa Abedo^*(1)

(1). Horticulture department, Faculty of agriculture, university of Aleppo.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Wafaa Abedo. E-Mail: madrid198182@yahoo.com).

Received: 30/07/2020                                Accepted: 14/09/2020

Abstract

The aim of this research is to study the effect of foliar spraying with mineral ,fertilizers , seaweed and hemichemic acid on the development and growth of hazelnut seedlings, especially on the, length  diameter, leave number and the leave area. The results showed that the soluble fertilizers exceeded the all treatments conceding the seedling length, which was (28.27cm) and leaves , the diameter arrived to (23.60 leaves) , the diameter (11.95m.m) and root length arrived to (22.26cm) and leave area (7.105cm²) , while the concentration of 10g\l was exceeded the other   concentration conceding the length of seedling which was (22.88cm) and leaves number (19.50) , diameter (17.32m.m). When studying the interaction the result showed that the soluble fertilizers exceeded at the conceding the seedling length, which was (35.84cm) and the treatment of hemichemic acid at concentration of 15g\l conceding leaves number (31 leaf) , leaf area (9.53cm²) and the treatment of seaweed of concentration 10g\l  conceding the seedling diameter which was (17.32m.m).

Keyword: seaweed, humic acid , soluble fertilizers , hazelnut.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Venus Ebraheem Hasan^*(1) ,Ali Essa Elkhateeb⁽¹⁾ and Dr.Hasan Yosef Khojah⁽²⁾

(1) General Commission Agriculture Scientific Research- Lattakia

(2) Tishreen University- Agriculture College- Horticulture Department- Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Venus Hasan. E-Mail: venushasan80@gmail.com).

Abstract:

The study was conducted during 2019-2020 at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia.Poncirustrifoliata were used as (Pollen Parent), Cleopatra, and Sour orange as (Seed Parent). For getting F1 seeds; and its seedling tolerance of chilling. These seeds were sown in agricultural pots, then the seedlings were transferred in February to a temperature controlled refrigerator, where they were exposed to cold gradually reaching (2-)^°C and then to (10-)^°C. As a result, cold stress (2-)^°C caused in the death of about 50% of the tested seedlings, and when the temperatures were reduced to (-10)^°C, led to damage to the remaining seedlings, and the percentage of damage reached up to (30%) of the plants, but these seedlings regained its life in the next growing season and continued its activity,Some growth indicators were calculated, the average length and diameter of the plant, the hybrids produced by the female Cleopatra gave the best results, especially the hybrids (210, 201, 233 and 220). the height reached 100 cm in the hybrid (210), as for the damage percentage, it ranged between 7% in the hybrid with sour orange 322 to 30% in the hybrid with Cleopatra (210, 204, 200, 203 and 202),Proline index, showed that the accumulation of proline began at stress (2-)^°C with significant differences in comparison before and after exposure to cold, and at a temperature of (-10)^°C. The accumulation increased at the surviving plants and the amount of accumulation correlates with the severity of stress, as the accumulated amount of proline reached to more than (2.2 mg / g) in the hybrids with Cleopatra (233, 243, 210, 202 and 240), and more than (2.60 mg / g) in the hybrids with sour orange (300, 320 and 322).Regarding the total chlorophyll index, the highest values were in (322) and (202), with significant differences between the amount of chlorophyll at (2-)^°C and its quantity at (10-)^°C, and it was found when calculating the specified difference among the studied hybrids in terms of total chlorophyll values ​​was the superiority of the hybrids 322, 320 and 202 over the rest of the hybrids.

Key words: proline,  chilling Stress, Chlorophyll, Poncirus trifoliate.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Loubna Nasr Haidar*(1)
(1).Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Lounna Nasr Haidar. E-Mail: lubnanaser82@gmail.com).
Received: 12/07/2019 Accepted: 07/03/2020

Abstract

The present research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Al Gab, Hama Governorate, Syria, to study the effect of the tapping method of roots (two methods, Convex and Horizontal) using 4 different levels of cutting (cutting at the green leaf stalk of crown, cutting at1cm below the green leaf stalk of crown cutting at 2cm below the green leaf stalk of crown, and cutting at 3 cm below the green leaf stalk of crown) on the production of sugar beet. The experiment was laid, according to split-split block design with three replications. Paradi variety was used in winter date during the seasons 2008 and 2009. The results of this research showed that: the convex tapping method gave a significant increase in root yield of sugar beet (70.2 t/ha) and , sucrose (15.42%), purity (80.39%), theoretical sugar (9.69 t/ha), extractable sugar (7.77 t/ha) and root weight (810 g). Also, the results showed that: the treatment of cutting at the green leaf stalk of the grown gave a significant increase in root yield (73.01 t/ha), sucrose(14.23%), polarity (15.62%), Brix (19.43%), purity % (80.42%), theoretical sugar (8.45 t/ha), extractable sugar (8.45 t/ha) and root weight (820 g).
Keyword: sugar beet, levels of cutting, Tapping method.
Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jasim Mohammed Aziz Al Jobouri* ⁽¹⁾ and Pashtiwan Hama Ali Abdalkarim⁽²⁾    

 (1).Collage of Agriculture -Tikrit University- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Iraq.

(2).Seed Testing and Certification Directorate, Iraq.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Prof. Jasim M. Aziz al-Jobouri, Email: jasim2017@ tu.edu.iq).

Received: 28/10/2020                                Accepted: 18/01/2021

Abstract

The research was carried out in two agricultural seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in three different locations (Kirkuk, Salah Al-Din, and Cham Chamal in Sulaymaniyah). The research included twelve varieties of Bread wheat in order to evaluate them in these sites. The experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications. The results of the analysis of variance showed that varieties x the seasons interaction was significant in all of the studied traits. Wafia variety gave the largest number of spikes per square foot (395.1 spikes). We also distinguish the lesser variety Adna99 in this row (355.8 spikes and weighting thousand grains (40.3 g) and the number of grains per spike (50.3 grains), which contributed to its superiority in the grain yield (5.024 tons’ ha^-1). Al-Fayyad was classified with a grain yield (4.740 tons ha^-1), and it was also superior to the area of ​​the flag leaf (49.7cm²), the number of spike grains and the weight of a thousand grains (58.8 and 41.0 g), respectively, and the Adna99 and API99 varieties exceeded in the percentage of protein (14.54% 14.5%) respectively. As for the percentage of gluten, it distinguishes the ARAS variety by 34.55%. The insignificance of triple interaction gives an indication of the stability of the varieties for the sites as they behave similarly to them.

Keyword: Genotype × Environment Interaction, Bread Wheat, Iraq

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rawaa Aoush* ⁽¹⁾, Faysal Bakkour ⁽²⁾ and Lina AL-Nadaf ⁽²⁾

(1). Biotechnology Research Center, Homas, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Agriculture , Albaath University Homas, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Rawaa Aoush. E-Mail: rawaayoush1987@gmail.com).

Received: 16/09/2020                                Accepted: 28/01/2021

Abstract

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum.L) is one of the most important leguminous crops in the world, drought is one of the most important abiotic stress that limit plant production as a whole, and it causes morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants, field study was carried out in the village of Jandar in  Homs, and chemical analyzes were conducted at the Biotechnology Research Center of Al-Baath University in 2019, with the aim of studying the change in some biochemical characteristics (the content of the leaves of proline (pro) – hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) – the activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT). Under drought stress, and to determine the possibility of adopting these indicators as a rapid detection method for the tolerant genotypes for later use in breeding programs. Seeds were sown in polyethylene pot and placed under a transparent canopy to avoid rain, completely randomized design was used in the experiments (CRD), and with three replications, and Irrigation was carried out regularly when ground moisture reached to 75% of the field capacity of non-stressed plants and 40% for stressed plants. The aforementioned indicators were studied at the flowering stage, and the results showed a significant increase in all the studied traits under stress when compared to the irrigated control. The tolerant Genotypes (Gap 5 and Gap 4) showed a significantly higher percentage of catalase increase compared to the two sensitive models and a lower percentage increase of free radical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under stress conditions, Whereas the role of proline varied between genotypes, it was significantly lower in the tolerant genotype GAP5  and significantly higher in the sensitive genotype LIC3279, while its content was significantly higher for the tolerant genotype GAP 4 compared to the sensitive Genotype Spring Municipal which indicates that the role that proline plays when exposed to stress It should be supported by an integrated antioxidant system as it is either evidence of tolerance or anaphylaxis and depletion of photosynthetic products.

Keyword: Chickpeas – Drought stress – Catalase – Proline – Hydrogen peroxide.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ahmed soufi ⃰⁽¹⁾ Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Moalla⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Majd Darwish, E-mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Abstract:

  The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University- Lattakia-Syria during the agricultural season 2019, by the cultivation of basil seedlings in plastic pots that were distributed according to the randomized complete design (CRD) with three replicates per treatment. The aim research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) (1, 5 and 10 mM) on plant growth, development and productivity of basilica (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants, that were treated by SA spray before NaCl treatment (6, 12 and 18 dS/cm) with two weeks. So, the morphological (plant height (cm), number of branches (branch/plant) and stem diameter (cm), the physiological (leaf area cm²/plant and net assimilation rate (mg/cm²/day), the biochemical (chlorophyll and carotenoids contents (µg/g FW), proline content (µg/g FW) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/g FW)) and the productivity characteristics (fresh and dry leaves yield (g/plant) have been studied. The treatment with salt, especially at the high concentration, conducted to negative effects in the growth and the productivity of basil. The treatment with salicylic acid, especially at 1 and 5 mM, increased the growth and productivity of basil, as indicated in all the studied traits and characteristics. The salicylic acid pretreatment, particularly at 1 and 5 mM, also improved the growth and productivity of basil plant, and increased its tolerance to salt stress. Taken together, the salicylic acid spray, at 1-5 mM concentrations on basil seedlings, can be suggested to improve the plant growth, the fresh and dry leaves and the basil tolerance to salt stress.

  Keywords: Ocimum basilicum L., Salicylic acid, Salt stress.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Haba ALatrash⃰⁽²⁾, Mohamad Shfiek Hakim⁽¹⁾, Abdulah ALYoussef⁽²⁾  Mohamad Hamndosh⁽¹⁾and Ahmad Shaaban⁽³⁾

(1)- Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University

(2)- General commission for scientific Agriculture research

(3)- Dept. of Biotech Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo
University

(*Corrsponding author: Hiba Al-Atrash. Email: hiba.fad.16@gmail.com).

Received: 07/12/2019                                Accepted: 11/01/2020

Abstract

• The study was carried out at AL-Sfireh location, Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, GCSAR, during 2016/2017 season, in order to select drought tolerance chickpea genotypes. (28) chickpea genotypes and two checks (Ghab4 and Ghab5) were planted in tow experiments (under water stress and irrigated conditions) in randomized complete block design with tow replications. The seed yield trait and the decrease in yield under water stress condition were estimated. Drought tolerance indices mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI). The correlation between tolerance indices and yield trait under both treatments was estimated for determined the most effective indices which were used to estimate Principal component analysis (PCA) for genotypes in order to divided into groups based on drought tolerant. The data were analyzed by (GGB)Biplot design to identify the best genotype under the two water conditions. The results showed significant lose in grain yield between the genotypes, where the genotype (23) showed highest grain yield under water stress (459.9) g, whereas the genotype (14) showed highest yield under irrigated condition (638.7) g. The STI, MP, HM and GMP were the superior criteria for selection of high yielding genotypes and these genotypes (3،14،18،23) were found to be superior genotypes based on drought indices. Principal component analysis based on drought tolerance explained 99% of the variation. Further, group-1 was characterized to have the genotypes with superior performance under the two water conditions, which included the genotypes (3، 4، 10، 11، 12، 14، 17، 18 and 23). Based on (GGB) biplot analysis, the genotypes (23 and 14) were declared as most stable and high yield under both water conditions.

Keyword: Cicer arietinum, Drought Tolerance Indices, Principal component
analysis, (GGB) biplot

Full paper in Arabic: pdf