Zainab Badenjki *⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Email: zainabbadenjkey@gmail.com).

Received: 01/10/2020                                  Accepted: 23/11/2020

Abstract

The order Hymenostomatida is considered as one of the most important orders of the Ciliophora, where its members are contributed to the ecological balance as they form an important cercle in the food chain in aquatic environments. Water samples were collected from one site: Qoiq River, during the period between 25/7/2017 and 27/11/2019, whereas, this work continued over a period of 16 months. The water samples were taken near the bottom at a depth of 30 cm below the surface of the water.

The classification of the ciliated species are considered as an initial step to contribute to the biodiversity map in Syria. The results of this taxonomic study showed the presence of one family: Parameciidae . And we found through it one genera with five species, these species recorded for the first time in the north of Syria. The founded five species are: Paramecium caudatum، P. Multimicronucleatum، P. aurelia ، P. polycaryum ،p.bursaria.

Key words: classification, Ciliate, Hymenostomatida, fresh water, north of Syria.

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AbdulNaser Al-Omar^)1(*, Morshid Kassouha⁾²⁽, Mohamed Zuheir and Salam⁾³⁽, Mai Almaghout ⁾⁴⁽

General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GSCAR), Hama Research Center –Syria.

 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

 (GSCAR), Animal wealth department. Damascus -Syria.

(GSCAR), Salameia Research Center-Syria.      

(* Corresponding author: Email: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 09/07/2020                                              Accepted: 02/08/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out in  two production lines (milk, meat) of Awassi sheep at Salameia Research Center in the year of 2014 to diagnose the Prevalence the infection of some internal  parasites which affect negatively health and production. 216 dung samples were collected from the two production lines (108 samples for each line) and laboratory parasitic tests were done in faculty of veterinary medicine of Hama by means of Flotation, Sedimentation, Baermann-Wetzel Tests. Results showed that the infection ratio with gastro –intestinal amounted 87.03% and infection was often intermixed. the infection ratio with nematodes amounted 42.59% and 44.44% in milk and meat lines respectively. Marshallagia eggs infection were diagnosed at high ratio which amounted 25.92% and 22.22% of tested samples for both of milk and meat lines respectively. Nematodirus eggs infection amounted 1.85% in equal ratio for both production and lines. Trichuris eggs infection amounted 7.4% and 5.55% of tested samples for milk and meat lines respectively. Moniezia infection amounted 7.4% and 12.96% of tested samples for milk and meat lines respectively. Eimeria –oocysts infection amounted 85.18% and 88.88% in milk and meat lines respectively. There were no significant differences for all kinds of infections with diagnosed internal parasites. Necessity requires continuation in application precautionary and remedial procedures in order to cut life circle of these parasites that are considered to be one of the most important means to decrease their Prevalence.

Key Words: EndoparasitesInfections, Flotation test, Awassi sheep.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hasan Emad Almasri^(1)*

(1).Department of Animal Production,Faculty of Agriculture,University of Aleppo.

(* Corresponding author: Email: kaba.rami@gmail.com).

 Received: 02/06/2020                     Accepted: 28/07/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted on a flock of Awassi sheep in Aleppo Governorate – Al-Safira region,Syria during the year 2018/2019. It included 136 animals of Awassi sheep, which is (62 mothers and 74 kids). The data were subjected to the General Linear Model, and a variance analysis was used to study the effect of maternal age and weight on birth weight and weaning and the daily weight gain from birth to weaning for lambs by applying SPSS24. The results showed that there is a highly significant effect of the mother’s age, as the mothers aged 4 and 5 years surpassed those of 2 and 3 years of age in all the studied factors. The mother’s weight did not affect the daily weight gain rate, while the effect was significant on weaning weight, and it was highly significant on birth weight. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a highly significant relationship between the mother’s age and all studied factors. It was highly significant between the mother’s weight with birth weight and significant with weaning weight, and was not significant with the daily weight gain rate. The regression was highly significant for all the studied factors.

Key words: Birth Weight, Weaning, Daily Weight Gain, Lambs, Awassi Sheep.

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Hasan Emad Almasri ⁽¹⁾, Abdul Rahman Al-Darwish ⁽¹⁾and  Hiba Albadee

*⁽¹⁾of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo.

(^* Corresponding auther:Hiba Albadee. E-mail:   hibaalbadee@gmail.com)

  Received: 02/06/2020                                Accepted:28/07/2020

Abstract

The genetic polymorphism of the milk proteins is of great interest in animal production, because of its influence on milk composition and quality and on the productivity parameters. αs1-casein represents the main milk protein and has an important role in the transport of calcium phosphate. Identification of different αs1-CN gene polymorphism in exon₃ traits and its association with different milk performance was performed through Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of one hundred blood samples using restriction endonuclease Mbo II. Also, Chi-square (χ2) test was performed to test the goodness of fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations for the distribution of αs1-CN genotypes in local Awassi sheep, in Minyan, west of Aleppo, during the period 2017-2018. Two alleles (A and C) were found with higher frequency of C allele, whilethree genotypes (AA, AC and CC) were identified at αs1-CN locus. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results of the statistical analysis, showed significant effects of αs1-CN genotype on milk yield and protein % (P<0.01), while it did not effect on the other milk composition (P>0.05). The results suggest the possibility of a future selection process to improve milk quality in Awassi sheep. Thus the αs1-CN genotype information could be utilized in selection strategies, in order to select genetic stock for the higher milk yield as well as production of sheep milk with higher protein content in marker assisted selection to increase the rate of genetic gain.

Key words: αs1-CN polymorphism, milk proteins,  PCR- RFLP, Awassi sheep.

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Imad Alhorani ^(1)*

General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Tartous, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Imad Alhorani , Email: imad_horani2000@yahoo.com (0940682103)).

   Received: 07/04/2020                          Accepted: 09/06/2020

Abstract

         Water hyacinth is a floating aquatic colonial plant blocking the waterways and causes significant economic, natural, health and environmental damages. It has recently spread in Syria and the institutions and ministries are working to control it. It was noticed that its composition indicates the possibility of using it in animal nutrition and hence the aim of this research was to use this plant in feeding Awassi sheep, The research was carried out in the plain of Akkar in Tartous 2014 on two groups of sheep, the control and an experimental group of each 10 convergent sheep age and weight at the age of 6 months and an average weight of 32.05 ± 0.29 and 32.21 ± 0.30, respectively The two groups were fed on the same concentrated diet consisting of (69.5% barley, 9.5% unpeeled cotton meal, 19.5% bran, 1.5 salts and vitamin) with 14% crude protein, while 50% of the hay forage of the control group was replaced by water hyacinth hay. The weights of the control group and the experimental group were 44.25 ± 0.31 and 45.30 ± 0.37 kg, respectively. The results showed that the experimental group exceeded the control group in the average total gain of weight 13.09 ± 0.08 kg and 12.20 ± 0.06 kg, and the daily growth rate 175 ± 1.1 g and 163 ± 0.8 g, respectively, with significant differences at the level 0.05, which confirms the possibility of using the Water Hyacinth plant in feeding sheep

Keywords: Water Hyacinth, Awassi Sheep, Hay, Growth charateristics.

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Zobaeda Ali Hussien ⁽¹⁾,Bassam Fahad Al Atalah* ⁽²⁾ and Nedal Jamil Sofan ⁽¹⁾

 (1) Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Bath, Bath University,Syria.

(2). Researcher,Sweida Research Center/ General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Bassam Fahad Al Atalah. Email:bassamatalah@hotmail.com )

 Received: 18/03/2020                               Accepted:13/05/2020

                      Abstract

This study was conducted at Sweida Research Center/ General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research/ Syria during the summer season of 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of seven pepper genotypes (local variety 10496, local variety 10743, pure line 129, pure line 110, Aleppo pepper, thick sweet pepper and deer horn pepper) cultivated in polyethylene bags towards salinity (control, 30 mM and 80 mM). This evaluation was based on a group of physiological and quantitative indicators and in addition to some tolerance indices. Split plot was used as a statistical design and the data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA analysis. Results for the physiological and quantitative indicators showed a different behavior of the genotypes studied in the control as well as the salinity treatments 30 and 80 mM. As for the physiological indicators, deer horn pepper achieved the highest increase ratio (3.64%) in 30 mM treatment compared to the control and the lowest reduction ratio in 80 mM treatment (6.43%) for the relative water content indicator. Whereas the thick sweet pepper registered the highest reduction ratio compared to the control in 30 mM treatment (35.36%), and the lowest increase ratio in 80 mM treatment (0.5%) for electrolyte leakage indicator. The local variety 10496 registered the highest increase ratio compared to the control in both salinity treatments for chlorophyll a and b, whereas Aleppo pepper registered the highest increase ratio in 30 mM treatment compared to the control (14.71%) as well as the deer horn pepper registered the highest increase ratio in 80 mM treatment (11.83%) for carotenoids indicator. As for the quantitative indicators, pure line 129 achieved the lowest reduction ratio compared to the control in 30 mM treatment (7.57%) as well as pure line in80 mM treatment (30.66%) for plant height indicator. In addition, the lowest reduction ratio was recorded for the local variety 10496 in 30 mM treatment (17.94%) and for the local variety 10743 in 80 mM treatment (52.05%) for dry weight indicator. The local variety 10743 also continued to record the lowest reduction ratios in both salinity treatments (30 and 80 mM) for leaf number indicator (23.45, 52.83% respectively). As for the fruit number indicator, the lowest reduction ratios were registered for deer horn pepper in 30 mM treatment (6.39%) and for Aleppo pepper in 80 mM treatment (54.05%) while deer horn pepper achieved the lowest reduction values for productivity indicator in both salinity treatments. For stress tolerance indices, the results showed the ability of yield stability index and stress susceptibility index to distinguish the most salinity stress tolerant genotypes (deer horn pepper) from the most sensitive genotypes (the local variety 10743). This study suggested introducing deer horn pepper in breeding programs and working to raise its productivity due to its ability to tolerate salinity stress.

Keywords: Pepper, Salinity Stress, Local varieties, Cluster analysis, Salinity tolerance indices.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ibrahim Akram Mhanna^*(1), Fahd Ahmad Sahyouny⁽¹⁾ and Badie Mohammad Samra⁽¹⁾

 (1) Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(^*Corresponding auther: Ibrahim Mhanna. E-mail: Ibrahim.lattakia.93@gmail.com )

 Received: 04/07/2020                               Accepted:17/08/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out at an agricultural field in Lattakia countryside during the agricultural season 2019, to study the effect of the treatment with potassium nitrate and gibberellic acid-GA₃ on some growth and production parameters of pepper Capsicum annum L. This experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design which included (9) treatments, each treatment included (3) replicates and each replicate included (20) plants. Potassium nitrate (0.4 + 0.8 %) and Gibberellic acid-GA₃ (25 + 50 ppm) were used as foliar spray. The results showed that potassium nitrate solution and gibberellic acid and their interactions had significant effect on the vegetative growth and production traits. The treatment of (potassium nitrate 0.8 % + Gibberellic acid-GA₃ 50 ppm) recorded the highest plant height (102.43 cm), number of branches (15.55 branch/ plant) and number of plant leaves (493.2 leaf/ plant) compared to control treatment which recorded (89.4 cm), (9.44 branch/ plant) a (352.6 leaf/ plant). This treatment also outperformed the other treatments, in production (6.06 kg /m²) while the control production was (3.93 kg/m²). With regard to the quality of fruit, the treatments of potassium nitrate (0.4 % and 0.8 %) recorded the highest value of dry matter percentage in fruits (9.98 and 10.17 %) respectively compared to control treatment. On the other hand, the various treatments gave positive results regarding vitamin C% as a result of plant development and growth strength. Therefore, foliar spray with potassium nitrate (%0.8) and gibberellic acid (50 ppm) can be used to improve the development and productivity of pepper under field cultivation conditions.

Keywords: Pepper, Potassium nitrate, Gibberellic acid, Growth traits, Production.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jawa Daoud ^(1)*, Rashid Khrboutly ⁽¹⁾  and Amjad Badran ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia . Syria.

(2) Agricultural Scientific Research Center .Lattakia.Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Email: daoudjawa@gmail.com (0938477016)).

Received: 17/05/2020                                              Accepted: 06/07/2020

Abstract

The current study was conducted during the two seasons (2018 And 2019).on Diospyros kaki var (Hachyia).  Which grown at Boqa Botanical Research Center,Faculityof Agriculture, Tishreen  University , Lattakia. In order to assess the effects of different levels of fertilization treatments and the spraying of gibberellic acid on the productivity of Japanese persimmon trees.This study included the use of three levels of chemical fertilization (NPK) and comparison with the treatment of farmers and the presence of a control treatment without the addition of any fertilizer in addition to spraying trees with a solution of gibberellic acid GA3 concentration (25) ppm.This search was carried out according to  complete randomize block design which included (5) treatments: Control treatment, farmer treatment (500 g K2O + 500 g P2O5 + 500 g N), low fertilizing treatment (400 g K2O + 300 g P2O5 + 400 g N), medium fertilizing treatment (600 g K2O + 450 g P2O5 + 600 g) N and high fertilization treatment (800 g K2O + 600 g P2O5 + 800 g N) in addition to the use of organic fertilizing by (25) kg per tree for the previous four traitments. Each treatment included (3) repeats and each repeat included (3) trees .thus the number of trees that  used in the experiment (45) trees. Fertilization treatment and the spray of gibberellic acid (25) Ppm led to increase the fruit setting and tree production, as there is the highest percentage in the fruit setting in the high fertilization treatment, wich reached (67.42)%. Also, the highest tree production was found in the high and medium fertilization treatments, which reached to (31.93) kg. / The tree and (29.87) kg / tree, respectively, without significant differences between these two treatments, also contributed to improving the quality of the fruits either in terms of the average weight of the fruit or its content of ( total acidity –  total sugars – Total soluble solids – vitamin C) where the average fruit weight in the treatment of high fertilization reached (154.09) g while  The weight of the fruit in the witness treatment trees didn’t exceed (136.85) g. As for the chemical content of the fruits, the results of the statistical analysis indicated the superiority of the high and medium fertilization coefficients without significant differences between them, as the high and medium fertilization fruit levels from acidity reached (0.362) and (0.354) % compared to the witness which reached (0.235%). The fruit content of high and medium fertilization of sugars reached (16.74) and (15.81) %, respectively, between them, compared to the witness which reached (11.57) %. The fruit content of total dissolved solids amounted to (18.32) and (18.30) %, respectively, without significant differences between them compared to the witness which percentage was (14.06%). As for vitamin C), the results of the statistical analysis indicated the superiority of treatment The control of most of the studied treatments was vitamin C in the control of the control (43.72) mg/100g

Keywords: Diosoyros kaki, Fertilization, Gibberellic acid, Production, Quality

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Eyad Dannoura ⁽¹⁾,Hafez Mahfoud ⁽¹⁾,Ali Deeb ⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department Of Horticulture, Faculty, Of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Eyad Dannoura.Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com )

Received: 21/08/2020                                Accepted: 03/09/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted in 2016 in cooperation between Tishreen University and the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia and the Green House Company in Lattakia (Tissue Multiplication Laboratory), The aim of the research is to determine the best growth medium of type and concentration of growth regulators, where plant parts were obtained from one of the type of the wild apple variety Malus trilobata (Lab) from the Ariza site of the Qardaha Area in Latakia, This study reached a successful and detailed method for micro-vegetative propagation of the wild apple variety Malus trilobata (Lab) (growth and multiplication stage), Which sodium hypochlorite gave good results in superficial sterilizing to small vegetative growths, and the tow concentrations 1 and 0.5 mg / liter of BAP gave respectively the best men for the length and number of growths.

Key word: Wild Apple, Micropropagation, The Stage of Growth and Multiplication.

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Awad alaswad
(1) Department of Forestry and Environment, College of Agricultural Engineering,
Al-Furat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Corresponding auther:. E-mail: dr.awadalaswad@gmail.com )

Received: 11/10/2001 Accepted:2710/0101

Abstract

The research was conducted at the Forestry Nursery of the Directorate of Agriculture in Deir Ezzor Governorate during the growing season of 2019. The objective of the study was to study the effect of humic acid application and different irrigation intervals on chemical composition of blue panic plant (Panicum antidotale). The experiment was implemented in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by planting Panicum seeds in polyethylene bags filled with 2 soils to 1 sand mixture in four replicates. Whereas three irrigation intervals (7, 14, and 21 days) and two humic acid application treatments (control without addition and application of humic acid) were used. Fresh plant sample from each treatment was taken at each cut, and samples were dried at 70^C until weight was stable. Chmeical compostion was conducted for the samples and dry matter %, crude protein%, crude fiber %, total carbohydrate %, and ether extract % were estimated according the the common methods.  The results showed that the control treatment (irrigation every 7 days) was significantly superior to the two irrigation treatments every 14 days and 21 days in the percentage of soliable carbohydrates (42.09%). While, irrigation treatment every 14 days outperformed the other irrigation treatments and recorded the highest values of percentage of crude protein (17.07%) and the percentage of ether extract (2.73%). The irrigation treatment every 21 days gave the highest values of ash percentage (16.38%).  No significant differences were recorded between the irrigation treatments for the percentage of dry matter and the percentage of crude fiber. The control treatment of humic acid outperformed the addition of humic acid interms of the percentage of crude fiber (CF), while the treatment of addition of humic acid outperformed the control in the percentages of crude protein (CP), ash and ether extract (EE). No significant differences were recorded between the application and control of humic acid treatments in dry matter % and the percentage of soluble carbohydrates. The effect of the interaction between irrigation intervals and the application of humic acid was significant for all the studied characteristics. The control treatment (irrigation every 7 days) with the addition of humic acid recorded the highest values for the percentage of soluble carbohydrates (42.92%).  The irrigation treatment every 14 days with the addition of humic acid gave the highest values in the percentage of crude protein (17.81%), the percentage of ash (16.55%) and the percentage of extracted ether (2.81%). As for the irrigation treatment every 21 days with the addition of humic acid, had the highest values for the percentage of dry matter (96.25%).

    Key words:  Panicum antidotale plant, Humic acid, Irrigation intervals, Chemical composition, Crud protein, Total carbohydrate, Ether extract, Crud fiber.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF