{"id":7892,"date":"2024-04-18T12:12:32","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T12:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/?p=7892"},"modified":"2024-04-18T12:13:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T12:13:14","slug":"identification-the-sources-of-surface-soil-pollution-with-some-heavy-metals-in-baniyas-city-by-employing-principal-component-analysis-pca-and-hierarchical-cluster-analysis-hca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/?p=7892","title":{"rendered":"Identification the sources of Surface Soil Pollution with Some Heavy Metals in Baniyas City By Employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Kamel Khalil *<sup> (1)<\/sup> Maher Dais<\/strong> <strong><sup>(2) <\/sup><\/strong><strong>and Basel Fares <\/strong><strong><sup>(1)<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil, Email: <a href=\"d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy\">d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Received:7\/01\/2023\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Accepted: 15\/02\/2023<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; font-size: 17px;\"><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; font-size: 17px;\">This study aimed to estimate the concentration of heavy metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in the surface soils (0-20 cm). For nine sites from (St1) to (St9) in Baniyas. The results showed that the order of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm was as follows: [Fe (3479.66) &gt; Mn (577.06) &gt; Zn (69.32) &gt; Pb (30.69) &gt; Ni (28.20) &gt; Cu (25.49) &gt; Cd. (0.55)]. And that the concentrations of (Pb, Cd, and Mn) exceeded the normal values (27-0.4-488 ppm), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to identify sources (natural or anthropogenic) contributing to the contamination of the studied area with heavy metals. The results showed that the sources of )Pb, Cd, Ni) are industrial constructions and transportation while the elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) are associated with agricultural areas and light traffic in general. The results also showed the importance of the role of pH and organic matter (OM) in explaining the presence and concentration of heavy metals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Key<\/strong> <strong>words<\/strong>: Soil pollution &#8211; Heavy metals &#8211; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) &#8211; Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) &#8211; Baniyas city.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Full paper in Arabic: <a href=\"http:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/wp-content\/uploads\/v11n2p32.pdf\">pdf<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kamel Khalil * (1) Maher Dais (2) and Basel Fares (1) (1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. (2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria . (*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil, Email: &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/?p=7892\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sjar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7892"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7896,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7892\/revisions\/7896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}