{"id":11513,"date":"2026-08-31T09:17:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T09:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/?p=11513"},"modified":"2026-08-31T09:17:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T09:17:23","slug":"the-effect-of-ultraviolet-and-microwave-radiation-on-some-seed-germination-parameters-of-tomato-plants-lycopersicon-esculentum-mill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/?p=11513","title":{"rendered":"The Effect of Ultraviolet and Microwave Radiation on Some Seed Germination Parameters of Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Fatima Alzhraa Enjrini*<sup>1<\/sup>, \u00a0Imad Aldeen Alkhalaf<sup>1<\/sup> and Njwa Moslmani<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">(*Corresponding author: Fatima Alzhraa Enjrini, Email: <a href=\"mailto:fatimaenj92@gmail.com\"><u>fatimaenj92@gmail.com<\/u><\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Received:24<\/strong> \/ 12\/ 2025\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Accepted:<\/strong> 4\/03 \/2026 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; font-size: 17px;\"><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; font-size: 17px;\">This study was conducted at the Plant Environmental and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo\/Syria, to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV-C, 254 nm) and microwave radiation (2450 MHz) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seed germination. Seeds were treated by direct radiation exposure, irrigation with irradiated water, or soaking in treated water. Germination percentage, germination speed, mean germination time, and seedling growth parameters were assessed after seven days. UV-C treatments significantly enhanced germination performance, with germination percentage reaching 98.8% under irrigation with UV-treated water (120 min) compared to 93.4% in the control. Germination speed increased to 11.9 seeds\/day, while mean germination time decreased to 1.5 days, accompanied by increased root (10.1 cm) and shoot length (6.5 cm). Microwave radiation showed a dual response: short exposure times (5\u201310 s) slightly improved germination, whereas prolonged exposure caused a sharp decline, with germination percentage dropping to 1.2% at 60 s due to thermal stress. The results showed that soaking the seeds in microwave treated water for 30 seconds or in ultraviolet treated water for 120 minutes produced the best outcomes across all studied parameters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> UVC, Microwave radiation, Germination percentage, Germination rate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill<strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u00a0Full paper in Arabic: <a href=\"http:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/wp-content\/uploads\/v13n4p18.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fatima Alzhraa Enjrini*1, \u00a0Imad Aldeen Alkhalaf1 and Njwa Moslmani1 1 Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria. (*Corresponding author: Fatima Alzhraa Enjrini, Email: fatimaenj92@gmail.com) Received:24 \/ 12\/ 2025\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Accepted: 4\/03 \/2026 Abstract:\u00a0 This study was conducted &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/?p=11513\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sjar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11513"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11515,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11513\/revisions\/11515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agri-research-journal.net\/SjarEn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}