Nada Albarni(1)* and Baha Alrahban(1)
- Administration of Plant Protection Research, General Commission for Scientific
Agricultural Research (GCSAR)- Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nada Albarni E-mail: albarninada@hotmail.com)
Abstract
Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolum Cav.) is a serious invasive weed, threats crops in Syria. In laboratory, the effect of the residues of Solanum elaeagnifolium matured fruits on the germination and seedling growth of durum wheat was investigated at two directions: First, was the chemical study which contains a detection of some sub-chemicals in fruits extracts by using depositing reagents. Second, was included the bio-testing of the effect of aqueous extracts of matured fruits at three concentrations on germination and seedling growth of durum wheat during 2019-2020 seasons. Chemical study was indicated that the extracts of S.elaeagnifolium fruit were contained Alkaloides and Saponines. Also, the results were showed that Silverleaf Nightshade extracts have negative significant role on studied properties. It is presented by reducing germination of wheat seed and decreasing radicle and coleoptile length besides to wet and dried weight of durum wheat seedling, so the value of Tolerance Index was less than 100 with the appearance of clearly phytotoxicity. As well as, decreasing Pigments Content chlorophyll in leaves of durum wheat plants at 15 days age. This effect increases with increasing concentration. In conclusion, the inhibition effect of S.elaeagnifolium fruit residues on germination and growth of durum wheat is due to presence of some sub-chemicals, solubility in water, such as Alkaloides and Saponines which have toxic effect that may contribute to its invasiveness and extreme competitiveness. The use of these inhibitor chemical compounds as bio-herbicides is an important factor of biological control in the integrated control system.
Key words: Silverleaf Nightshade, Extracts, Durum Wheat, Germination, Growth.
Full paper in Arabic: pdf