Mohanad M.Al-Talib^(1)*, and Moafak M.Ahmad ⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohanad M. Altalib,  Email: dr.mohanadaltalib@gmail.com)  

Received:   30/03/2022                  Accepted: 26/07/2022 

Abstract:

The study aimed to conduct a survey for the presence of fungi and mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and Deoxynivalenol in fifteen cultivars of the most commonly used,  Common wheat  (Triticum aestivum) and Durum wheat  (Triticum durum) cultivars in the city of Mosul (Iraq), and a study as well as the physical and chemical properties For these cultivars, the results of the study of physical and chemical tests for wheat cultivars showed differences in moisture content, protein and gluten ratios, water absorption and degree of hardness. The results of testing the total     of fungi and the percentages of fungi presence showed that the two cultivars Tal Afar 2 and Ibrahimia contained the highest total     of fungi and that the genera Aspergillus flavus and A ochraceus and Fusarium graminearum are the most common genera of fungi. The results also showed the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochra A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in the wheat cultivars, and that the two cultivars of Tal Afar 2 and Ibrahimia had the highest concentrations, where the concentration of afla B1 toxins was 66.57 and 69.34 ng/gm, and ochra A 12.81 and 13.81 ng/gm. For both cultivars, DON toxin was present in Al-Faris and Ibrahimia cultivars with the highest concentrations, as it contained 678.33 and 806.5 ng/gm, while the Abaa99 cultivar contained the lowest concentration of Afla B1 and DON, which contained 23.02 and 221.88 ng/gm, and Duma cultivar contained the lowest concentration. of ochra toxin A, which was 5.81 ng/g.

Keywords: wheat, fungi, mycotoxins, Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, Deoxynivalenol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf